Lifespan Development - Early Childhood Slides

what age do children lose their “babyish roundness”?

3

what happens to children’s bodies around age 3?

abdominal muscles develop, so the belly tightens. the trunk, arms, and legs grow longer.

both boys and girls typically grow about __ to __ inches a year in early childhood.

2, 3

what are sleep patterns of most U.S. children by age 5?

sleep about 11 hours a night, give up daytime naps

what are some common sleep problems for children?

night terrors, sleep walking and talking, and nightmares

enuresis

repeated urination in clothing or in bed

where does the most rapid brain growth occur from ages 3 to 6?

frontal areas that regulate planning and goal setting

by age 6, the brain has attained ___% of its peak volume

90

from ages 6 to 11, what does the rapid growth of the brain support?

associative thinking, language, and spatial relations

gross motor skills

physical skills that involve the large muscles, such as running and jumping

fine motor skills

physical skills that involve the small muscles and hand-eye coordination

what gross motor skills develop by the end of age 3?

involves large muscle groups

jumping, running, kicking

climbs stairs with alternating feet

bends over without falling over

pedaling a tricycle

what gross motor skills develop by the end of age 4?

descending stairs with alternating feet using support

hops 4-6 steps on one foot

throws a ball overhand

what gross motor skills develop by the end of age 5?

can stop, start, and turn easily in games

manages stairs with alternating feet alone

stand on one foot for 10 seconds or more

what fine motor skills develop by the end of age 3?

draws shapes and designs

stacks at least 6 blocks

turns a rotating handle

removes and replace jar lids

hand dominance evidence

handed (heritability, single-gene theory, dominant allele for right-handedness, 82% of population is right-handed)

what fine motor skills develop by the end of age 4?

draws person with 2-4 body parts

uses scissors

draws circles and squares

begins to copy some upper-case letters

what fine motor skills develop by the end of age 5?

copies triangles, draws person with a body, prints some letters, dresses and undresses without help, uses fork and spoon comfortably

food deserts

areas that lack geographically accessible supermarkets or grocery stores

what are the food allergens that 90% of allergies can be attributed to?

milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, soy, wheat, and shellfish

preoperational stage

in Piaget’s theory, the second major stage of cognitive development, in which symbolic thought expands but children cannot yet use logic effectively