micro lab studyguide pt 2
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40 Terms
What is a spirochete?
A flexible, corkscrew-shaped bacterium.
What are diplococci?
Cocci arranged in pairs.
What are streptococci?
Cocci arranged in chains.
What are staphylococci?
Cocci arranged in grape-like clusters.
What are tetrads?
Groups of four cocci.
What are sarcinae?
Cube-shaped packets of eight or more cocci.
What are diplobacilli?
Rod-shaped bacteria arranged in pairs.
What are streptobacilli?
Rod-shaped bacteria arranged in chains.
What is a coccobacillus?
A short, oval-shaped rod that resembles both a coccus and a bacillus.
What are filamentous bacteria?
Long, thread-like bacteria.
What are prokaryotic cells?
Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Which organisms are prokaryotes?
Bacteria and Archaea.
Which organisms are eukaryotes?
Animals, plants, fungi, and protists.
Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?
In the nucleoid region.
Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?
Inside the nucleus.
Which cell type has membrane-bound organelles?
Eukaryotic cells.
Do prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles?
No.
Which cell type is generally smaller?
Prokaryotic cells.
Which cell type is generally larger?
Eukaryotic cells.
What is the typical size of a prokaryotic cell?
About 1–10 μm.
What is the typical size of a eukaryotic cell?
About 10–100 μm.
What type of ribosomes do prokaryotes have?
70S ribosomes.
What type of ribosomes do eukaryotes have?
80S ribosomes.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis.
What is the bacterial cell wall made of?
Peptidoglycan.
Do animal cells have a cell wall?
No.
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides shape and protection.
What is the plasma membrane?
A selectively permeable membrane that controls movement into and out of the cell.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Suspends cell components and is the site of many metabolic reactions.
What is a nucleoid?
The region containing bacterial DNA.
What are plasmids?
Small circular DNA molecules separate from the chromosome.
Why are plasmids important?
They often carry genes such as antibiotic resistance.
What are flagella?
Long appendages used for movement.
What are fimbriae?
Short hair-like structures used for attachment.
What are pili?
Structures used for DNA transfer during conjugation.
What is a capsule?
A sticky outer layer that protects bacteria and helps them attach to surfaces.
What is an endospore?
A dormant, highly resistant survival structure produced by some bacteria.
Which cell type reproduces by binary fission?
Prokaryotic cells.
Which cell type reproduces by mitosis or meiosis?
Eukaryotic cells.