AP AMSCO WH 1.3

Vijayanagara Empire

Hindu kingdom in southern India (1336–1646), founded by Harihara and Bukka, who converted from Islam back to Hinduism; significant regional power later overthrown by Muslim kingdoms

Rajput Kingdoms

Hindu kingdoms in northern India after the Gupta collapse, decentralized and often at war with each other, which made them vulnerable to Islamic invasions

Delhi Sultanate

Muslim kingdom in northern India (13th–16th centuries) that ruled for ≈300 years but struggled to establish an efficient bureaucracy; imposed the jizya tax on non-Muslims

Srivijaya Empire

Hindu maritime empire based on Sumatra (670–1025) that controlled key sea trade routes by charging fees to ships between India and China

Majapahit Kingdom

Buddhist maritime kingdom based on Java (1293–1520) with up to 98 tributaries, influential in Southeast Asian region

Sinhala Dynasties

Buddhist dynasties in Sri Lanka (from 3rd century BCE) with complex irrigation and canal systems; priests often advised monarchs

Khmer Empire

Angkor Kingdom (802–1431) in Cambodia, land-based empire supported by sophisticated irrigation and drainage systems; Angkor Thom and Angkor Wat exemplify Hindu/Buddhist syncretism

Sukhothai Kingdom

Thai kingdom that invaded Angkor in 1431, contributing to the decline of the Khmer Empire

Proselytize

To actively seek converts, often used in context of missionary religious efforts

Bhakti Movement

12th-century Hindu movement emphasizing emotional devotion and personal relationships with deities; appealed to women and lower social statuses, similar in tone to Sufi Mysticism

Qutub Minar

Iconic Islamic tower in Delhi combining Hindu artistic detail with Islamic architectural patterns, symbol of syncretism and Islamic influence

Urdu

Language that developed in South Asia among Muslim communities, blending Hindi grammar with Arabic and Persian vocabulary; now official language of Pakista