Science & Environmental Science Lecture

This set of flashcards covers essential concepts from the Science & Environmental Science lecture, focusing on definitions and principles central to the scientific method and historical context.

What is the scientific method?

A systematic process for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, and correcting or integrating previous knowledge.

What is an independent variable?

The variable in an experiment that is manipulated or changed to test its effects on the dependent variable.

What is a dependent variable?

The variable in an experiment that is measured or observed, expected to change when the independent variable is altered.

What is the principle of empiricism?

We can learn about the world through careful observation of real, observable phenomena.

What does uniformitarianism state?

Basic patterns and processes in nature are consistent over time and space; the same forces at work today have shaped the world in the past.

What is parsimony in the context of the scientific method?

The principle that when two explanations are plausible, the simpler one is preferable.

What does repeatability mean in scientific experiments?

Tests and experiments should be repeatable; if the same results cannot be reproduced, the conclusions are likely incorrect.

What is a hypothesis?

An explanation for an observation that can be tested, and should be falsifiable.

What is Aristotle's contribution to natural philosophy?

He described and explained natural phenomena, introduced the concept of the four elements, and created a classification system for species.

What is the goal of scientific theories?

To develop an explanation of the natural world that is supported by a large body of evidence.