APUSH: Unit 4-Unit 5.3

Manifest Destiny

Belief in divine right to expand westward.

Texas Revolution

Conflict leading to Texas independence from Mexico.

Oregon Trail

Major route for settlers to Oregon in 1840s.

Mexican-American War

Conflict over Texas annexation and border disputes.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Ended Mexican-American War; established new US territories.

California Genocide

Mass killing and displacement of Indigenous populations in California.

Compromise of 1850

Attempt to resolve slavery issues in new territories.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Novel highlighting the horrors of slavery.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allowed territories to decide on slavery via popular sovereignty.

Republican Party

Formed to oppose the expansion of slavery.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Supreme Court case denying citizenship to Black Americans.

Bleeding Kansas

Violent conflict over slavery in Kansas territory.

John Brown

Abolitionist who used violence against pro-slavery forces.

Election of 1860

Lincoln's victory led to Southern secession.

Civil War Start

Initiated by Confederate attack on Fort Sumter.

Union Advantages

Larger population and industrial capacity over Confederacy.

Confiscation Acts

Allowed Union to seize Confederate property.

Conscription

Mandatory enlistment for military service during the war.

Battle of Antietam

Deadliest single day in American military history.

Emancipation Proclamation

Declared freedom for enslaved people in Confederate states.

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln's speech reinforcing Union commitment.

Juneteenth

Celebration of emancipation notification in Texas.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States.

Sherman's March to the Sea

Union campaign aimed at destroying Southern morale.

Black Troops

African American soldiers who fought for the Union.

California Gold Rush

Mass migration to California for gold in 1848.

Mexican Cession

Land acquired by the US from Mexico post-war.

Revolution of 1800

A political shift where Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) defeated Adams (Federalist), marking the first peaceful transfer of power between parties.

Federalists

Political party advocating for a strong central government and industry.

Democratic-Republicans

Political party advocating for a weak central government and agrarian interests.

Barbary Wars

Conflicts between the US and Barbary Coast pirates who raided US ships and enslaved crew members.

Louisiana Purchase

Acquisition of territory from France in 1803 for $15 million, doubling the size of the US.

Impressment

The act of Britain kidnapping and forcing US sailors to serve in the Royal Navy.

Embargo Act of 1807

Legislation aiming to cut off trade to hurt Europe, resulting in a 75% drop in US industry and increased unemployment.

German Coast Uprising 1811

Largest slave revolt in US history where 500+ marched to establish a Black republic, ultimately defeated by militias.

War of 1812

Conflict where the US declared war on Britain due to impressment, trade disputes, and expansion desires, ending in a stalemate.

Tecumseh

Leader of a pan-indigenous movement against US colonization, supported by the British.

Era of Good Feelings

Period marked by improved British relations, increased nationalism, and the decline of the Federalist Party.

Missouri Compromise

1820 agreement that admitted Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and established the 36°30' parallel for future states.

Monroe Doctrine

1823 policy warning Europe against further colonization or puppet monarchs in the Western hemisphere.

Market Revolution

A period of widespread industrialization and market expansion, leading to increased transportation and communication.

Anti-Slavery

Individuals who opposed slavery but did not advocate for its abolition, viewing it as detrimental to small farmers.

Abolitionists

Individuals who viewed slavery as immoral and sought its complete removal.

Abraham Lincoln

Anti-slavery advocate born in Kentucky, whose experiences in a slave state influenced his views.

Takeaways from Missouri Compromise

The compromise aimed to balance representation between North and South but ultimately exacerbated divisions over slavery.

Impact on Native Americans

Loss of land and autonomy for Native Americans following US expansion and conflicts.

Impressment effects

Led to the Embargo Act of 1807, which harmed the US economy significantly.

Lewis and Clark

Explorers who mapped the newly acquired Louisiana Territory after the purchase.

Cotton gin

Invention that increased the efficiency of cotton production, leading to an expansion of slavery in the South.

Jackson's Creek War

Conflict where Jackson defeated the Creek, resulting in the loss of 20 million acres of land for Native Americans.

Battle of New Orleans

A significant battle in the War of 1812 that propelled Andrew Jackson to fame.

Expansion of slavery

The Louisiana Purchase and westward expansion led to increased tensions over the institution of slavery.

US territorial expansion

The acquisition of land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, leading to new states joining the union.

Slave States

States permitting slavery, opposing free states.

Free States

States prohibiting slavery, opposing slave states.

Jacksonian Democracy

Political movement led by Andrew Jackson.

Andrew Jackson

7th US President, known for populism.

Spoils System

Political practice rewarding loyal supporters.

Tariff of Abominations

1828 tariff favoring North, harming South.

Nullification Crisis

1832 conflict over state vs federal authority.

Compromise of 1833

Agreement to reduce tariff rates.

Bank War

Conflict over the Bank of the US.

Indian Removal Act

1830 law facilitating Native American relocation.

Trail of Tears

Forced relocation of 60k Native Americans.

Legal Resistance against Georgia

Cherokee's lawsuit asserting tribal sovereignty during Trail of Tears.

Seminole Wars

Conflicts over Seminole resistance in Florida.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival movement (1795-1835).

Transcendentalism

Philosophical movement seeking spiritual experiences.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Transcendentalist advocating individualism and self-reliance.

Henry David Thoreau

Author promoting nature and civil disobedience.

First-Wave Feminism

Movement for women's legal and political equality.

Temperance Movement

Campaign against alcohol consumption's social effects.

Seneca Falls Convention

1848 meeting advocating women's rights.

Abolitionism

Movement opposing slavery and advocating freedom.

William Lloyd Garrison

Abolitionist newspaper founder, The Liberator.

Frederick Douglass

Formerly enslaved orator and abolitionist leader.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

1831 slave uprising against oppression, led by enslaved preacher.

David Ruggles

First Black bookstore owner and abolitionist.

Sojourner Truth

Abolitionist and women's rights advocate.

Margaret Fuller

Feminist journalist, edited The Dial.