Chapter 4- Muscular System

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Health

10th

56 Terms

1

bradykinesia

extreme slowness in movement

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2

myocele

the herniation of muscle substances through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

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3

myorrhaphy

surgical suturing of a muscle

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4

tenolysis

release of a tendon from adhesions

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5

dyskinesia

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions

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6

dystonia

A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement.

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7

hyperkinesia

Abnormally increased motor function or activity; also known as hyperactivity.

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8

transverse

in a crosswise direction

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9

adduction

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

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10

abduction

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

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11

circumduction

The circular movement at the far end of a limb.

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12

dorsiflexion

Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.

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13

pronation

The act of rotating the arm or the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward.

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14

adhesion

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.

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15

atonic

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength.

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16

fasciitis

Inflammation of a fascia.

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17

myolitis

inflammation of a muscle

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18

physical therapist

provides treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques.

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19

electromyography

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

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20

paralysis

The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.

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21

hemiparesis

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body.

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22

myo-

muscle

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23

-cele

hernia, tumor, swelling

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24

teno-

tendon

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25

-lysis

setting free, loosening

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26

brady-

slow

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27

kinesio-

movement

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28

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

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29

tono-

tone, streching, tension

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30

hyper-

excessive, increased

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31

hypo-

deficient, decreased

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32

trans-

across, beyond

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33

fascio-

fascia, fibrous band

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34

-plegia

paralysis, stroke

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35

-paresis

partial, incomplete paralysis

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36

-ia

abnormal condition, disease

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37

-ic

pertaining to

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38

-rrhaphy

surgical suturing

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39

-rrhexis

rupture

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40

tri-

three

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41

taxo-

coordination, order

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42

quadro-

four

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43

hemi-

half

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44

a-

without

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45

-trophy

development

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46

-otomy

cutting, surgical incision

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47

Fibromyalgia

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms.

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48

hernia

The protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it.

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49

polymyositis

A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.

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50

muscular dystrophy

A group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system.

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51

ganglion cyst

A harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.

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52

myasthenia gravis

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles.

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53

carpal tunnel syndrome

Inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then create pressure on the median nerve.

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54

heel spur

A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone.

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55

sarcopenia

The loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging.

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56

parkinson’s disease

A chronic, degenerative central nervous system disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slow or shuffling gait caused by inadequate levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain.

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