KIN2000 [1-3]

kinesiology 2000 midterm 1 [1-3]

Health

State of complete physical, mental, social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Holistic Health

The concept that health involves balance between all aspects of life, treating the individual as a web of systems, including mental and social factors.

Pathogenesis

The origination and development of a disease.

Salutogenesis

An approach focusing on factors that support human health and well-being, improving health in one dimension positively affects others.

Risk Factor

Exposure to this causes more susceptibility to disease.

Protective Factor

Decreases the chance of getting a disease.

Physical Activity

Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above a basal level.

Healthy Lifestyle

A pattern of health-promoting, disease-preventing behaviors undertaken to achieve wellness.

Chronic Diseases

Diseases that develop early in life and last for many years.

Physical Fitness

The set of attributes one has achieved or obtained related to their capacity to perform certain physical activities efficiently.

FITT Principle

Framework for developing a fitness program: Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type of activity.

Quality of Life

A subjective measure reflecting levels of fulfillment and happiness, regardless of limitations.

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

The ability of circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen and fuel to the body during sustained physical activity.

Muscular Strength

The amount of force a muscle or muscle group can exert with a single maximum effort.

Flexibility

The ability to move a joint or group of joints through its complete range of motion.

Body Composition

The ratio of fat to fat-free mass in the body, often used in assessing health risk.

SMART Goals

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Trackable goals for effective behavior change.

Self-Efficacy

Confidence in our ability to perform behaviors required to achieve a specific outcome.

Decisional Balance

An individual’s weighing of the pros and cons of changing a behavior.

Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change

A model that describes the process of changing behavior through stages: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Termination.

Overload Principle

The idea that the body must be subjected to greater than normal load/intensity for training adaptation to occur.

Wellness

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, often emphasized in holistic health approaches.

Chronic Stress

A consistent sense of feeling overwhelmed or pressured that lasts for an extended period of time.

Epidemiology

The study and analysis of the distribution, patterns, and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations.

Stages of Change in Transtheoretical Model

The five stages are Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance, reflecting the process individuals go through to change behavior.

Spiral Model of Change

A model that conceptualizes behavior change as a continuous process where individuals progress through stages iteratively rather than linearly.

Decisional Balance

The process of weighing the pros and cons of changing a behavior, which influences the decision-making process.

Self-Efficacy

The belief in one’s ability to successfully perform behaviors needed to achieve a specific outcome.

Vicarious Experience

Bolstering self-efficacy through observing the successful performances of others.

Verbal Persuasion

A method of enhancing self-efficacy by receiving encouragement or support, though it is less effective than vicarious experience.

Processes of Change

Strategies used to facilitate behavior change, categorized as cognitive/emotional processes and behavioral processes.

Cognitive/Emotional Processes

Processes that include increasing knowledge, experiencing negative emotions, and caring about others to motivate behavior change.

Behavioral Processes

Strategies that involve actions taken to effectuate behavior change, such as self-reward and reinforcement.

Levels of Physical Activity

Different intensity levels of physical activity, which range from sedentary to vigorous exercise.

American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Guidelines

Recommendations for physical activity designed to improve overall health and fitness.

Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (USDHHS, 2008)

National guidelines that provide recommendations for physical activity to promote health across all age groups.

Health-related Fitness Components

Five key components: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

Skill Components of Fitness

Six components: agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed, important for performance in sports and physical activities.

Designing an Exercise Program

Creating a structured plan that outlines the type, intensity, duration, and frequency of physical activities to meet individual fitness goals.

Components of an Activity Session

Key elements of a structured exercise session, including warm-up, conditioning, cool down, and stretching.

Overuse Syndrome

A condition resulting from repetitive stress on muscles, tendons, and joints leading to pain or injuries.

Differences Between Health-related and Skill-related Fitness

Health-related fitness focuses on attributes essential for health (e.g., cardiovascular endurance), while skill-related fitness includes abilities for athletic performance (e.g., agility, speed).

Principles of Training

The foundational concepts for developing an effective training program: specificity, progression, overload, recovery, reversibility, and individualization.