Philippine History and Culture Review Flashcards
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Comprehensive practice flashcards in question and answer format derived from Philippine history and literature lecture notes.
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94 Terms
What is Doctrina Christiana?
One of the earliest books printed in the Philippines; a 1593 work printed in Spanish and Tagalog.
Who is known as the Father of Ilocano Literature?
Pedro Bukaneg
Who is known as the Father of Tagalog Poetry?
Francisco Baltazar
What was the pen name of Severino Reyes?
Lola Basyang
What is the oldest existing newspaper in the Philippines since 1900?
Manila Bulletin
Who is known as the Father of Modern Tagalog Poetry?
Alejandro Abadilla
Who wrote the popular fable The Monkey and the Turtle?
José Rizal
What is known as Andres Bonifacio's Ten Commandments of the Katipunan?
The Decalogue
What were José Rizal's pen names?
Dimasalang and Laong-Laan
What was the precolonial Filipino writing system commonly called?
Baybayin
How many basic characters are commonly associated with Baybayin?
17 characters — 14 consonants and 3 vowels
Who is known as the Father of the Filipino newspaper?
Pascual Poblete
What is the original title of Ibong Adarna?
Corrido at Buhay na Pinagdaanan ng Tatlong Prinsipeng Anak ng Haring Fernando at Reyna Valeriana sa Kahariang Berbania
What is considered the first Filipino bread?
Panderegla
Who was known as the Great Plebeian and Father of the Katipunan?
Andres Bonifacio
Who was the hero of the Tirad Pass Battle?
Gregorio del Pilar
Who was the President of the First Philippine Republic?
General Emilio Aguinaldo
Who was known as the Brains of the Philippine Revolution and chief adviser of Gen. Aguinaldo?
Apolinario Mabini
Who were the martyred priests of 1872?
GOMBURZA — Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora
Who was known as the Brains of the Katipunan and wrote the Kartilla?
Emilio Jacinto
Who was known as the Mother of Balintawak/Tandang Sora?
Melchora Aquino
Who was the first woman member of the Katipunan, also known as Lakambini?
Gregoria de Jesus
Who was the greatest Filipino painter, greatest journalist of the Propaganda, and painter of Spoliarium?
Juan Luna
Who authored the Spanish lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem?
José Palma
Who was the last Rajah of Manila?
Rajah Soliman
Who was the fiancée of José Rizal?
Leonor Rivera
Who made the first Filipino flag?
Marcela Agoncillo
Who was the leader of the Ilocano Revolt?
Diego Silang
Who was the first Filipino hero?
Lapu-Lapu
Who was known as the Man of Many Talents and greatest Filipino genius after Rizal?
Epifanio Delos Santos
Who was the Mother of Biak-na-Bato?
Trinidad Tecson
Who composed the Philippine National Anthem?
Julian Felipe
What term refers to Spaniards born in the Philippines?
Insulares
Who founded La Liga Filipina?
José Rizal
What famous awit (metrical romance) was written by Francisco Balagtas?
Florante at Laura
Who is known as the Ama ng Wikang Pambansa?
Manuel L. Quezon
Who composed the song Ang Bayan Ko?
Constancio de Guzman
Who named the Philippines Islas de San Lazaro?
Ferdinand Magellan
Who named the Philippines Las Islas Filipinas?
Ruy López de Villalobos
Who was known as El Adelantado and the first governor of the Philippines from 1565 until his death?
Miguel López de Legazpi
Who is the national hero of the Philippines?
José Rizal
Who was the last Sultan of Sulu?
Jomulul Kiram II
Who became the husband of Gregoria de Jesus after Andres Bonifacio?
Julio Nakpil
Who was the first Filipino diplomat?
Felipe Agoncillo
Which Spanish governor-general ordered the deportation of Rizal to Dapitan?
Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol
Who created the designs for the Philippine national flag?
Emilio Aguinaldo
Who was the wife of Diego Silang who continued the revolt against the Spaniards in Ilocos after his death?
Gabriela Silang
Who was the last general of the Filipino-American Revolution to surrender to the Americans?
Simeon Ola
Who was the first Filipino president of the University of the Philippines?
Ignacio Villamor
Who was the greatest general of the revolution and editor of La Independencia?
General Antonio Luna
Which Philippine president made December 30 a Day of National Mourning in honor of Rizal?
Emilio Aguinaldo
What is the complete name of the Philippine national hero José Rizal?
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
What was José Rizal called by his family and friends?
Pepe
What does the term filibustero mean?
One who is against the government
At what age did José Rizal die?
35
What does the title El Filibusterismo mean?
Subversive
What is Noli Me Tangere about?
Religion, love, and society
What is El Filibusterismo about?
Politics and revolution
What is one of the oldest stone churches in the Philippines, located in Bohol?
Baclayon Church
What is the traditional Filipino dress for men called?
Barong Tagalog
What is the epic poem of the Maranao people that narrates the adventures of the hero Bantugan?
Darangen
What year did the Philippines host the Southeast Asian Games for the first time?
1981
When did the EDSA II Revolution occur, leading to the resignation of President Joseph Estrada?
January 2001
Who was the Spanish explorer that first arrived in the Philippines in 1521?
Ferdinand Magellan
Who is considered the first Filipino saint canonized by the Catholic Church?
Saint Lorenzo Ruiz
What was the name of the movement founded by Andrés Bonifacio aimed at gaining independence from Spanish rule?
Katipunan — Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
Which Filipino general commanded the 41st Infantry Division during the defense of Bataan?
Brigadier General Vicente P. Lim
Who was the first Asian and Filipino to win the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, and Creative Communication Arts?
Carlos P. Romulo
Who was the national scientist known for contributions to the development of modern Philippine orthography and Tagalog-based Filipino?
Lope K. Santos
Who led the first successful circumnavigation of the Earth and was killed in the Philippines?
Ferdinand Magellan
What was the first Philippine Republic called?
The Malolos Republic
In what battle did Filipino revolutionaries achieve their first major victory against the Spanish forces?
Battle of Pinaglabanan
Who was the first Filipino to head the executive branch of the Philippine government under American colonial rule?
Manuel L. Quezon
What is the oldest university in the Philippines and Asia, established in 1611?
University of Santo Tomas
During World War II, what was the infamous march that Filipino and American prisoners of war were forced to endure?
Bataan Death March
What was the name of the agreement that ended the Spanish-American War and led to the cession of the Philippines to the United States?
Treaty of Paris (1898)
Which event marked the end of more than three centuries of Spanish rule in the Philippines?
The Philippine Revolution
Who was the Philippine national hero executed by the Spanish on December 30, 1896?
José Rizal
What significant event took place at EDSA in 1986?
EDSA People Power Revolution
Which Philippine province is known as the Land of the Heroes?
Cavite
What was the name of the movement founded by Graciano López Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and José Rizal?
Propaganda Movement / La Solidaridad
Who was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines?
Cayetano Arellano
Who was the leader of the Muslim resistance against Spanish colonization in Mindanao?
Sultan Kudarat
Which battle marked the final defeat of the Filipino forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo?
Battle of Palanan
Who is known as the Great Dissenter in Philippine jurisprudence?
Justice Claudio Teehankee
What is the name of the law that established the Philippine Commonwealth?
Tydings-McDuffie Act
Who was the first Filipino elected to the Spanish Cortes?
Pedro Paterno
Which prominent Filipino leader was assassinated at the Manila International Airport in 1983?
Benigno Ninoy Aquino Jr.
Who was the leader of the Hukbalahap (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon) during World War II?
Luis Taruc
What was the name of the naval battle during World War II where the Allies defeated the Japanese forces in the Philippines?
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Who was the first editor of La Solidaridad?
Graciano López Jaena
Who was the first Senate President of the Philippines?
Manuel L. Quezon
What historical site in the Philippines is known as the Cradle of Philippine Independence?
Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite
What significant event took place on February 25, 1986?
The victory of the EDSA People Power Revolution