23 The American Journey

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

ethnic groups

people who share a common language and traditions

militarism

When one nation increases its military strength, its rivals feel threatened and build up their military.

alliance system

when a country joins and alliance, it agrees to defend other alliance countries if they were attacked

balance of power

a system that prevents any one country from dominating the others

U-Boat

Submarine

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The next in line to the throne of the Austria-Hungarian Empire, Assassinated.

Battle of Verdun

The German offensive, held in northeastern France.

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy were all part of what alliance?

Triple Entente

Great Britain, France, Russia were all part of what alliance?

Entente

Understanding among nations

Balkan Peninsula

There were many nationalist and ethnic rivalries held in this area.

Gavrilo Princip

The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand terrorist group

Stalemate

where neither side makes military advances

isolationism

non-involvement in world affairs

expansionism

expanding territory

imperialism

creating large empires by gaining economic and political control over weaker nations.

propaganda

information used to influence opinion

revolution

a war to overthrow the government

autocracy

when a person with unlimited powers rules

Lusitania

The British passenger liner that was torpedoed by a German U-Boat

Selective Service Act

To raise the army quickly, Congress passed this to set up a military draft.

convoys

Used to protect troop ships and supplies across the Atlantic

Bolsheviks

Group of Russian communists

Vladimir Lenin

Led the Russian revolution

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in the war (1918).

John J. Pershing

Supreme commander of the American Expeditionary Force, American Army in Europe

Armistice

An agreement to end fighting

Kaiser

German emperor

Eastern Front

line of battle between Germany and Russia

doughboys

what the US soldiers were nicknamed

mobilization

the gathering of resources and the preparation for war

Great Migration

When African Americans left their homes in the rural South to settle in Northern cities and find jobs, also thousands of MEXICANS came to the US in search of jobs.

rationing

limitation of use

socialists

people who believed businesses should publicly be owned, opposed the war

pacifists

People against the use of violence, opposed war

dissent

disagreement or opposition

Espionage Act

Provided stiff penalties for spying

Sabotage Act and Sedition Act

These laws made it a crime to say,print, or write any negative things about the government/war

National War Labor Board

This board was to ensure production of vital war materials, also pressured businesses to grant some important demands for the workers so they didn't go on strike.

Food Administration

Encouraged American farmers to produce more and persuaded the public to eat less.

Committee on Public Information

This committee was to promote the war as a battle for democracy and freedom.

National self-determination

the right of the people to decide how they should be governed.

Fourteen Points

Reflected Wilson's belief in "national self-determination". Outlined his peace plan.

League of Nations

Wilson's final point. Member nations would help preserve peace and prevent future wars. They would respect and protect one another's independence

Reparations

payments for damages and expenses caused by the war

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty where Germany had to accept full responsibility for the conflict of World War I .....& pay billions in reparations

Henry Cabot Lodge

US Senator.....Most powerful opponent of the Treaty of Versailles.

Sussex Pledge

German pledge to warn neutral ships and passenger vessels before attacking

Schenck v US

A socialist named Charles Scheck distributed anti-war materials in the mail. The Supreme Court found him guilty of posing a clear and present danger during wartime