AP Lit Vocab (Through Paradox)

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60 Terms

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Ceasura

A pause or break in a line of poetry

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Carpe Diem

Latin for “seize the day,” the name applied to a theme frequently found in lyric poetry: enjoy life’s pleasures while you are able to

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Catharsis

Purification or purging of emotions (pity or fear)

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Character

An imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (describes a round/flat, protagonist/antagonist, etc.)

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Characterization

The method an author uses to acquaint the reader with his/her characters

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Chiasmus

A scheme in which the author introduces words or concepts in a particular order then later repetes those terms or similar ones in reverse or backwards order. It involves taking parallelism and deliberately turning it inside out, creating a “crisscross” pattern

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Cliché

An expression or phrase that is over-used as to become trite and meaningless

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Climax

As a term of dramatic structure, the decisive or turning point in a story or play when the action changes course and, as a result, begins to resolve itself

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Conceit

Elaborate figure of speech combining possible metaphor, simile, hyperbole, or oxymoron

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Conceit

The struggle between two opposing forces (man v man, man v nature, man v technology, etc.)

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Connotation

The emotional associations surrounding a word, as opposed to its literal meaning or denotation

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Couplet

A pair of rhyming lines with identical meter

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Denotation

The strict, literal meaning of a word

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Denouement

The resolution of a plot

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Dialogue

The conversation between two or more people in a literary work

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Diction

The author’s choice of words or phrases in a literary work

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Dramatic Irony

Refers to a situation in which events or facts not known to a character on a stage or in a fictional work are known to another character, the audience, or the reader

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Dramatic monologue

A lyric poem in which speaker addresses someone whose replies are not recorded

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Elegy

A mourning poem of lament for an individual tragedy or event

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Enjambment

The continuation of a complete ideas from one line of poetry to another, without pause

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Epiphany

A revealing scene or moment in which a character experiences a deep realization about him/herself

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Epistrophe

Repetition of a concluding word or word endings

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Euphemism

Using a mild or gentle phrase instead of a blunt, embarrassing, or painful one

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Euphony

Attempting to group words together harmoniously, so that the consonants permit an easy and pleasing flow of sound when spoken

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Exposition

The opening section of a narrative or dramatic structure in which character, setting, theme, and conflict can be revealed

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Flashback

Interruption of the narrative to show an episode that happened before that particular point in the story

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Foot

A group of syllables in verse usually consisting of one accented syllable and the unaccented syllables associated with it

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Foreshadowing

A hint given to the reader of what is to come

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Free Verse

A type of poetry that differs from conventional verse forms in being “free” from a fixed patter of meter or rhyme.

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Hamartia

A tragic flaw, especially a misconception, a lack of some important insight, or some blindness that ironically results from one’s own strength and abilities.

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Allegory

A narrative either in verse or prose, in which characters, actions, and sometimes settings represent abstract concepts apart from the literal meaning of the story

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Alliteration

The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words

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Allusion

A brief reference to person, event, or place in history, or to a work of art/literature

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Analogy

A comparison made between two items, situations, or ideas that are somewhat alike but unalike in most respects

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Anaphora

Figure of repetition that occurs when the first word or set of words in one sentence, clause, or phrase is/are repeated at or very near the beginning of successive sentences, clauses or phrases

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Antagonist

A character in a story or play who opposes the chief character or protagonist

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Apostrophe

A figure of speech in which the speaker directly addresses an absent person or personified quality, object, or idea

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Archetype

A character, action, or situation that seems to represent common patterns of human life. Often include a symbol, a theme, a setting, or character that have a common meaning in an entire culture, or even the entire human race

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Aside

In drama, a few words or a short passage spoken to one character or the audience while the other actors on stage pretend their characters can not hear the speaker’s words

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Assonance

The repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds in stressed syllables or words

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Asyndeton

The omission of conjunctions from constructions in which they would normally be used

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Atmosphere (mood)

The mood/feeling of the literary work created for the reader by the writer

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Ballad

A narrative poem that usually includes a repeated refrain

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Blank Verse

Unrhymed iambic pentameter, a line of five feet

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Cacophony

The use of words in poetry that combine sharp, harsh, hissing, or unmelodious sounds

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Hubris

In a hero, hubris refers to arrogant, excessive self-pride or self-confidence or a lack of some important perception or insight duo to pride in ones abilities

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Hyperbole

A figure of speech involving great exaggeration

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Iambic pentameter

A line of verse having five metrical feet (Shakespeare’s most frequent writing pattern)

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Imagery

The sensory details that provide vividness in a literary work and tend to arouse emotion or feeling in a reader which abstract language does not

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In medias res

Latin for “In the middle of things”; used to describe a plot that begins in the middle of events and then reveals the past through flashbacks

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Irony

The term used to describe a contrast between what appears to be and what really is

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Juxtaposition

Placing two ideas, words, or images side by side so that their closeness creates an original, ironic, or insightful meaning

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Litotes

A figure of speech in which a positive is stated by negating its opposite (ie. Not a bad idea)

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Metaphor

A figure of speech involving an implied comparison

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Meter (rhythm)

The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry

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Metonym

A figure of speech in which a specific term naming an object is substituted for another word with which it is closely associated

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Motif

A recurrent word, image, theme, object, or phrase that tends to unify a literary work or that may be elaborated into a theme

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Narrator (persona/pov)

The teller of the story

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Onomatopoeia

Words said in such a way that the sound of the words imitates the sound of the things being spoken of

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Paradox

A statement, often metaphoricle, that seems to be self contradictory but which has a valid meaning