HSC 20 - Nutrition (EXAM OCT 25)

Good nutrition enhances your quality of life and helps you prevent disease. It provides you with the calories and nutrients your body needs for maximum energy and wellness.

What does good nutrition enhance and do? ~4

• Enhances life quality

• Prevents disease

• Provides the calories and nutrients needed for energy and wellness

Nutrition

the process by which the body takes in and uses food

Nutrients

substances in the food that allows the body to grow, repair and provide energy

Calories

Units of heat that measure the energy used and supplied by foods

What influences your food choices?

1. Hunger and Appetite

2. Emotions

3. Environment

4. Cultural and Ethnic Background

5. Convenience and Cost

6. Advertising

What is hunger?

Natural desire to eat

What is appetite?

Desire to eat

Examples of emotions which may influence food choices.

stress*, anger, happy, sad, bored

What is the environment that influences food choices?

Family and friends

(where you eat)

Explain cultural and ethnic background in relation to food choice.

Race, religion, heritage

Explain Convenience and Cost.

availability

Where you live, on the go lifestyle, family income

Explain what advertising consists of.

Health messages, influence, your looks

What are the six groups of nutrients

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water

Carbohydrates

sugar molecules converted into glucose

work as short term energy storage

Proteins

a molecule made up of amino acids as control and structural elements

Fats

nutrients in food that the body uses to make cell membranes

What are Vitamins?

compounds that help regulate vital body processes

(Vitamins) What body processes does it include? (4)

1. Digestion

2. Absorption

3. Metabolism

4. Circulation

What two groups are vitamins classified into?

1. Water-soluble vitamins

2. Fat-soluble vitamins

What is a characteristic of Water-soluble vitamins?

dissolve in water and pass easily into the blood.

What does the body do with water soluble vitamins? In effect what is needed?

The body does not store these regularly

They need to be replenished regularly

What do Water-soluble vitamins include? (examples)

Vitamin C, B1, B2, Niacin, B6, Folic acid, B12

What are characteristics of Fat-soluble vitamins?

they are absorbed, stored, and transported in fat

What and where are Fat-soluble vitamins stored?

The body stores these vitamins in your fatty tissue, liver, and kidneys

What are the effects of excess build-up ?

It can be toxic

What do Fat-soluble vitamins vitamins include? (examples)

Vitamins A, D, E, K

What is about what minerals doing? Why is it needed?

• substances that body cannot manufacture

• are needed for forming healthy bones and teeth, regulating vital body processes

Important minerals include:

Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Iron

Water helps to..

maintain bodily functions

What does water do to joints?

Lubricates them and mucous membranes

What does water help with in the body (~4) (2 , 2 )

• allows for :

• swallowing, digesting

• absorption of nutrients, eliminates waste

blank helps maintain blank (related to water)

Perspiration helps maintain normal body temperature

How much percent of the body does water make up

65 %

It’s important to drink at least _____________ cups of water a day to maintain health.

8

What is a food allergy?

a condition where the body’s immune system reacts to substances in food, believing it is a foreign substance

Examples of allergies

peanuts, tree nuts, eggs, wheat, soy, fish, and shellfish.

_________________ or ________________________ can indicate whether a person is allergic to a specific food.

blood test or a scratch test

What are reactions that can happen because of food allergies?

• rash, hives, itchiness

• vomiting or diarrhea

• abdominal pain, itchy eyes or sneezing.

What is food intolerance?

a negative reaction to a food or part of a food caused by a metabolic problem

Food intolerance is…

the inability to digest parts of certain foods or food components

What might food intolerance be associated with? (examples)

milk or wheat, food additives

What are the common symptoms for Food intolerance?

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.

What is a Foodborne Illness?

a term that means that the person has food poisoning

How to prevent foodborne illness?

clean, separate, cook and chill food when handling

How might a foodborne illness occur?

eating foods contaminated with a pathogen or poisonous chemicals

The symptoms from the most common types of food poisoning generally start within _______ _______________of eating the food responsible.

2 to 6 hours

What can be said about the start time of symptoms of food poisoning?

it may be longer or shorter depending on the toxin or organism

What are the possible symptoms of foodborne illness?

nausea/vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, weakness, fever and headache.

What is the estimate of people that get sick with domestically acquired foodborne illnesses?

1 in 8 Canadians each year