Lecture #1 - The Dark Universe

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Discovery of Fitz Zwicky

  • Noticed that galaxies in clusters moved at speeds far faster than could be explained by the pull of their mutual gravity

  • Believed that this phenomena could only be explained by the presence of huge quantities of hidden, “dark matter”

  • Posited this theory in the 1930s

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Discovery of Vera Rubin

  • Observed that objects in the outer reaches of galaxies defied Newton’s Law of gravity — the of objects one the outer edges of galaxies, farthest from the center, moved the fastest

  • Charted a rotation curve of our own Milky Way, showing the opposite pattern of what was predicted

  • Believed this to be the result of dark matter

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Percentage of Dark Matter in the Universe

26.8%

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Percentage of Ordinary Matter in the Universe

4.9%

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Percentage of Dark Energy in the Universe

68.3%