BB Exam 5 Review

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115 Terms

1
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How long is the blood donor deferral for someone with or with a history of Chagas’ Disease?
Indefinite deferral
2
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How long is someone deferred from donating blood if they have CJD, have a blood relative with CJD, had a dura matter transplant, or pituitary-derived growth hormone?
Indefinite deferral
3
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How long is someone deferred from blood donation if they have Zika? Or is it if they travelled to somewhere with a zika endemic?
4 week deferral
4
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How long is a blood donor deferred if they have Hep B IgG?
12 months
5
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How long is a blood donor deferred if they have a new tattoo/piercing?
12 months
6
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How long is a blood donor deferred if they have been exposed to someone else’s blood?
12 months
7
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How long is a blood donor deferred if they have had sexual contact with a person at high risk for HIV?
12 months
8
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How long is a blood donor deferred if they have been imprisoned for more than 72 hours?
12 months
9
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How long is a blood donor deferred after they have returned from a malarial endemic area?
12 months
10
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How long is a blood donor deferred after a post-blood transfusion?
12 months
11
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How long is a blood donor deferred after they have used acutane?
1 month
12
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How long is a blood donor deferred after they have used propecia use?
1 month
13
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How long is a blood donor deferred after a malarial infection?
3 years after becoming asymptomatic
14
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How long is a blood donor deferred if they have taken aspirin and aspirin-containing drugs?
48 hours (2 days)
15
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List some conditions that would meet the criteria for a **permanent deferral**

1. Human pituitary growth hormone injection
2. Taken clotting factors
3. Sexual contact with anyone who used a needle to take illegal drugs
4. AIDS or HIV pos.
5. Males having sex w/ other males (update: 3 mo. from last sexual contact)
6. Had viral hepatitis
7. Positive HBsAg
8. Positive HBc
9. Positive HTLV
10. History of CJD
11. History of Chagas’ or babesiosis
16
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What is the minimum Hgb requirement to donate blood?
12\.5 g/dl
17
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What is the minimum Hct requirement to donate blood?
38%
18
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What is the minimal age *without* parental consent to donate blood?
17
19
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What age must you at least be in order to donate blood *with* parental consent?
16 or older
20
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What is the ideal body temperature to donate blood?
21
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What is the ideal blood pressure you must have to donate blood?
< 180/100
22
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What is the pulse range for blood donation?
50-100 bpm
23
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What is the minimum body weight required for blood donation?
110 lbs
24
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If you decide to take blood from someone who is less than 110 lbs, what must you do first?
Reduce the amount of anticoagulant
25
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What is the standard volume of anticoagulant? (hint: looking for a # not a definition)
63 mL
26
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What is the volume of a standard unit?
450 mL plus or minus 45 mL
27
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How would you calculate the amount of anticoagulant needed, anticoagulant removed, and amount of blood collected for an “underweight” donor?

1. __Reduce Volume Factor (__@@__**A**__@@__)__ = weight (lbs)/ 110 lbs
2. @@**A**@@ x 63 = amount of anticoagulant needed (^^**B**^^)
3. 63 mL - ^^**B**^^ = amount of anticoagulant removed
4. @@**A**@@ x 450 mL = amount of blood collected
28
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How often can you donate **RBCs**?
8 weeks
29
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How often can you donate **Platelets**/**Granulocytes**?
* 48 hours between donations
* No more than 2x a week or 24x per year
30
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What is the minimum amount of platelets that you need to have in order to donate?
150,000/uL
31
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How often can you donate **plasma**?
* every 4 weeks
* Total protein must be within normal limits (**>6.0 g/dL**)
32
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Blood expires in ___ days with the addition of the anticoagulant CPD.
21
33
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Blood expires in ___ days with the addition of the anticoagulant CP2D.
21
34
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Blood expires in ___ days with the addition of the coagulant CPDA-1.
35
35
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Blood expires in ___ days with the addition of AS-1, AS-3, or AS-5.
42
36
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What is the function of the preservative: Dextrose
Supports RBC life by providing energy
37
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What is the function of the preservative: Adenine
Used in ATP synthesis; restores ATP
38
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What is the function of the preservative: Citrate
Chelates calcium to prevent coagulation
39
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What is the function of the preservative: Sodium biphosphate
Buffer to prevent decrease in pH
40
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During storage of **RBC** units, what **increases**?

1. Potassium (K+)
2. Lactic Acid
3. Plasma Hemoglobin
41
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During the storage of **RBC** units, what **decreases**?

1. ATP
2. 2,3 DPG
3. pH
42
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What temperature do you store **PRBCs**?
1-6 C
43
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What temperature do you store **frozen RBCs** and when do they expire?
* ≤ -65 C
* 10 years
44
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What temperature do you store **deglycerolized RBCs** and when do they expire?
* 1-6 C
* 24 hours
45
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What temperature do you store **irradiated RBCs** and when do they expire?
* 1-6 C
* 28 days *or* originally assigned expiration date (whichever comes first)
46
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What temperature do you store **platelets** and when do they expire?
* 20-24 C (room temp.), agitated
* 5 days
47
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What temperature do you store ***pooled*** **platelets** and when do they expire?
* 20-24 C (room temp.), agitated
* 4 hours
48
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What temperature do you store **apheresis platelets** and when do they expire?
* 20-24 C (room temp.), agitated
* 24-48 hours
49
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What temperature do you store **fresh frozen plasma (FFP)** and when does it expire?
* ≤ -18 C
* 1 year
50
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What temperature do you store **thawed FFP** and when does it expire?
* 1-6 C
* 24 hours
51
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What temperature do you store **cryoprecipitate** and when does it expire?
* ≤ -18 C
* 12 months
52
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What temperature do you store **granulocytes** and when do they expire?
* 20-24 C (room temp.)
* 24 hours
53
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What is the guideline in order for a patient to be refractory?
If 10 minute platelet count is less than 50% of that expected on *two* occasions
54
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What is the equation to determine platelet refractoriness?
\
\
55
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If CCI is less than 7500 after 1 hour, the patient is considered ________.
Refractory
56
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If the CCI is greater than 10,000/uL per m^2 after 10 minutes to an hour, the patient is considered _______.
normal
57
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List the most common FDA approved methods for bacterial contamination testing.

1. BacT/ALERT culture system (bioMerieux)
2. Pall eBDS system (Pall Corp)
3. ScanSystem (Hemosystem)
58
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What temperature should **PBRCs** be ***transported*** at?
1-10 C with ice in plastic bags
59
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How should **frozen components** be transported?
With dry ice
60
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Define **Apheresis**
The separation of blood components; removal of desired components and return of remainder of the blood to donor
61
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The **buffy coat** consists of ______ & _______.
leukocytes & platelets
62
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What are the donor requirements for **plateletpheresis**?
* same as whole blood, no aspirin within 3 days
* Pre-platelet count: 150 x 10^9/L
63
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What quality control factors do you need to consider with plateletpheresis?
* 3 x 10^11 in 75% of units tested
* pH > 6.0
64
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\
What is plateletpheresis used for?

1. Increase platelet counts
2. Prevent HLA alloimmunization
65
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What are the requirements for leukapheresis?
* Same as whole blood donations
* Absolute granulocyte count: 4.0 x 10^9/L
66
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What quality control factors do you need to consider with leukapheresis?
WBC > 1.0 x 10^10
67
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What is leukapheresis used for?

1. Sepsis
2. Removal of blasts from leukemic patients
3. Neutropenia in cancer patients
68
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What is the purpose of plasmapheresis?
Removal of plasma and returning cellular components to patient
69
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What are the donor requirements for plasmapheresis?
Same as platelet donors
70
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What is plasmapheresis used for?

1. @@**Multiple myeloma**@@ (remove abnormal protein)
2. Lupus (immune complexes)
3. Autoantibodies
4. Toxins (barbiturate poisoning)
71
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What happens in **Intermittent Flow Centrifugation**

1. Blood drawn from donor is anticoagulated with **ACD**
2. Blood pumped into bowl which separates components by specific gravity
3. Desired component is removed into a separate bag and the remaining is returned to donor
72
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What does the list below describe?

* Blood drawn out and put back in “batches”
* **One** venipuncture site
* Repeats 6-8 cycles to obtain therapeutic dose
* Takes longer but more mobile
Intermittent Flow Centrifugation
73
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What does the list below describe?

* Blood is spun, separated continuously with desired product being removed, and remaining product returned **uninterrupted**
* **2** venipuncture sites
* Faster
Continuous Flow Centrifugation
74
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What is a major “pro” of Continuous Flow Centrifugation (CFC)?
Reinfuses **simultaneously** (IFC does one cycle before starting the next one) - so it’s a lot faster
75
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If a patient is experiencing tingly/ numb lips during an apheresis treatment, what might be the cause?
Transient systemic hypocalcemia (citrate toxicity) presenting with numbness, tingly lips, cramping, EKC changes, etc… from **ACD** (Acid Citrate Dextrose)
76
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What is **HES** and what is it used for?
* Hydroxyethyl starch
* “Sedimenting agent”
* Promotes rouleaux
77
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What is the minimum acceptable platelet count for platelets apheresis?
3 x 10^11
78
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What might donors be given in order to increase the number of granulocytes that can be collected for granulocytes apheresis?

1. corticosteroids
2. growth factors (G-CSF)
3. Precipitating agents (e.g., **HES**)
79
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What is the minimum number of granulocytes per component for granulocytes apheresis?
1 x 10^10
80
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How long should it take to collect a whole blood unit?
15 minutes
81
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When should FFP be separated/frozen?
Within 7 (or 8) hours of collection
82
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When should platelets be separated?
Within 8 hours of collection
83
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You’re gonna ace these finals, pass the BOC with flying colors, and get a job starting off at 70K.
periodt
periodt
84
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Quality Control:

In **leukocyte-reduced components**, what is the amount of leukocytes that you must have and what percentage of the original RBC mass should be maintained?
* 5.5 x 10^6 (leukocytes)
* 85% of original RBC mass should be maintained
85
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Quality Control:

How many **platelets** per unit in 75% of units tested? How many platelets per unit in an **apheresis unit**?
* 5.5 x 10^10 platelets/unit in 75% of units tested
* Apheresis unit: 3 x 10^11 platelets/unit
86
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Do leukapheresis and granulocyte products need to be crossmatched with the patient?
YES! These products still contain a small amount of RBCs that are still in it.
87
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Quality Control:

How much fibrinogen and Factor VIII (8) is needed in order to be considered **cryoprecipitate**?
* 150 mg/dL of fibrinogen
* 80 IU Factor VIII (8)
88
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Quality Control:

Granulocytes need to be greater than _____.
greater than 1 x 10^10
89
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In general, what is the function of all RBC components?
Carrying oxygen
90
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Why do we give leukocyte-reduced RBCs?
To reduce **febrile transfusion reactions**
91
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Why do we give irradiated RBCs?
To reduce the chance of **graft-vs-host**
92
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Why do we give washed RBCs?
Given for someone who has an anaphylactic reaction
93
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Why do we use FFP (fresh frozen plasma)?
Replace coag factors
94
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What are platelets used for?
* Used to control bleeding
95
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Contraindications:

You __**DO NOT**__ want to give platelets to patients with which disorders?

1. Uremic patients (HUS)
2. Autoimmune disorders


1. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP)
2. TTP
96
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What do we use granulocytes for?

1. Septic patients
2. Immunodeficient patients
97
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What do we use cryo for?

1. **Fibrinogen deficiency**
2. Factor XIII deficiency
3. Fibrin sealant (mixed with thrombin)
98
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Contraindications:

When should you __**NOT**__ give a patient RBCs?

1. Compensated/nutritional anemias
2. General fatigue
3. Enhance a patient’s well-being
4. Wound healing
99
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MHC 1 is responsible for which HLA’s?
HLA-…

* A
* B
* C
100
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MHC 2 is responsible for which HLA’s?
HLA-…

* DR
* DP
* DQ