History test 2
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87 Terms
What area do Denmark, Norway, and Sweden belong to?
Scandinavia
What were the Vikings primarily known for?
Raiding and Trading
Around what year did Leif Erikson discover North America?
1000 AD
Who was the first Viking to discover the North American mainland?
Leif Erikson
What city and country was Christopher Columbus from?
Genoa, Italy
What is the imaginary boundary that defined Spanish claims in the New World?
Line of Demarcation
What does it mean to sail all the way around the world?
Circumnavigate
Who were the King and Queen of Spain that financed Columbus' expeditions?
Ferdinand and Isabella
North and South America are named after which explorer?
Amerigo Vespucci
What is the name of the transfer of plants and animals between the Americas and other continents?
Columbian Exchange
How many miles west did the Treaty of Tordesillas move the Line of Demarcation?
800 miles
What deadly disease did Europeans bring that killed many Native Americans?
Small Pox
What were the three motivations for European exploration?
Find a water route to Asia for trade, 2. Spread Christianity, 3. Learn more about Asian culture
Which peninsula did the Vikings land on in present-day Canada?
Labrador
Why did the Vikings abandon their North American settlement?
Indian attacks, 2. The distance from Europe was too great
Who built an observatory and financed navigation advancements?
Prince Henry
What was Prince Henry also known as?
The Navigator
What navigational instrument allowed sailors to use the stars?
The Astrolabe
What were the names of Columbus' three ships?
Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
On what date did Columbus reach the Americas?
October 12, 1492
What group of islands did Columbus first land on?
The Bahamas
What did Columbus name the island he first landed on?
San Salvador
What does the name San Salvador mean?
Holy Savior
Which native Indian tribe did Columbus encounter?
The Taino
How many voyages did Columbus make to the New World?
4
Which Spanish explorer crossed Panama to discover the Pacific Ocean?
Vasco de Balboa
Who was the first explorer to circumnavigate the world?
Ferdinand Magellan
Where was Ferdinand Magellan killed?
In the Philippines
What items did Europeans bring to the New World?
Disease (small pox), horses, cattle, wheat, coffee
What items did Europeans bring back from the New World?
Tobacco, potatoes, tomatoes, corn, turkeys
What were smaller ships with triangular sails called?
Caravels
Which explorer discovered the Cape of Good Hope?
Bartolomeu Dias
Which explorer sailed to India around the Cape of Good Hope?
Vasco da Gama
What three things did Portuguese explorers trade for along the African coast?
Gold, Ivory, and Slaves
What were some negative effects of Portuguese exploration on West Africa?
Devastated communities, 2. Broke up families, 3. Led to warfare, 4. Slavery
Who were the Spanish soldiers that led military expeditions in the Americas?
Conquistadors
Who conquered the Aztec empire in Mexico?
Hernan Cortes
Who was the ruler of the Aztec empire?
Moctezuma II
What was the capital of the Aztec empire?
Tenochtitlan
What was the major disease brought by the Spanish that killed many Indians?
Small Pox
Who conquered the Inca empire in South America?
Francisco Pizarro
The Incan empire stretched from which two present-day countries?
Chile to Colombia.
What happened to the Incan ruler after Pizarro kidnapped him in exchange for gold?
Pizarro kills him.
What did the Spanish call their vast empire in the new world?
New Spain
Which three groups of people were forbidden to settle in New Spain?
Jews, Muslims, and non-Christians.
What were the royal governors who ruled New Spain called?
Viceroys
What were the three types of Spanish settlements in New Spain?
Pueblos, Missions, Presidios
What was the name of the road system that linked New Spain together?
El Camino Real
Which present U.S. state did Ponce de Leon explore, and what was he looking for?
Florida, looking for the Fountain of Youth.
Which Conquistador discovered the Mississippi River?
Hernando de Soto
What does El Camino Real also mean?
The Royal Road
Who was looking for the Fountain of Youth?
Ponce de Leon
Which explorer traveled through Florida and the South discovering the Mississippi River?
Hernando de Soto
What system gave Spanish settlers the right to tax the local Indians or make them work?
Encomienda system
Who was the Spanish priest who defended Indian rights?
Bartolome de Las Casas
Who was the German priest who protested the practices of the Catholic Church?
Martin Luther
In what year did the Protestant Reformation begin?
1517
On what day did Martin Luther nail his 95 theses to the church door?
October 31st 1517
What invention helped spread the ideas of the Protestant Reformation?
Printing Press
Who was the King of England who defied the Pope and founded the Church of England?
Henry VIII
What is the Church of England also called?
Anglican Church
Who was the King of Spain who led a Counter-Reformation against the Protestants?
Philip II
What was Spain's massive navy called?
Spanish Armada
Against which ruler in England was the Spanish Armada sent to overthrow?
Elizabeth
In what year was the Spanish Armada defeated by the English?
1588
What other factors led to Spain's decline?
Economic problems, like inflation, which leads to the drop in the value of money.
Who was the Italian who sailed for the English and explored along the Canadian coast and Newfoundland?
John Cabot
Which Frenchman discovered the St. Lawrence River?
Jacques Cartier
Who was the English sailor who sailed for the Dutch and discovered a large bay in Canada?
Henry Hudson
Who founded an early English settlement off of present-day North Carolina and Virginia?
Sir Walter Raleigh
What is the Roanoke colony known as?
The Lost Colony
Where were the first French settlements located?
In Florida.
Who has been called the 'Father of New France'?
Samuel de Champlain
What was France's empire in the new world called?
New France
Which Frenchman claimed lands along the Mississippi River and river valley?
Robert-Rene de La Salle
For how much money did the Dutch purchase Manhattan Island from the Indians?
$24
What did the Dutch call their settlement in the New World?
New Amsterdam
Which country conquered the Swedish settlement New Sweden?
The Dutch.
What is the term for the dispersement of African slaves all across the world?
African Diaspora
What four elements were a vital part of slave culture?
Family, Religion, Art, and Dance
What were songs that served as a common form of religious expression for slaves called?
Spirituals
What are stories that conveyed hope, sorrow, agony, and joy and often had moral meanings?
Folktales
Who did the Europeans turn to for their workforce when disease wiped out the Native American population?
Enslaved Africans
From which part of Africa did the first slaves to North America originate?
West Africa
One out of every how many slaves would die along the Middle Passage?
6
What was the transportation of slaves across the Atlantic called?
Middle Passage
Approximately how many Africans were transported across the Middle Passage?
12 million