Chemistry introduction P1

What is an element?

A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom

how

What is an isotope?

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

What is an unstable isotope called?

Radioisotopes

What is a molecule?

A chemical structure containing two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds

What are inert atoms?

An atom that doesnt easily react with others because their outer rings are full

What are ions?

An atom or moleucle or molecule bearing a positive or negative charge due to the loss or ganin, respectively, of one or more electrons

What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?

Ionic bonds: Atoms give and take electrons to create charged ions that stick together

Covalent bonds: Atoms share pairs of electrons

What makes something an acid?

A solute that ADDS hydrogen ions to a solution

What makes something a base?

A solute that REMOVES hydrogen ions from a solution

What is the pH of: Milk, blood, and distilled water?

Milk: 6.4-6.8

Blood: 7.35-7.45

Distilled water: 7.0

What are 4 reasons why water is important to life?

1. Transports nutrients

2. Controls Temperature

3. Removes waste

4. Protects body parts

What is Not a subatomic particle

Isotope

The total number of electrons in a atom equals the number of

Protons in its nucleus

Isotopes are atoms of elements that differ in their number of

Neutrons

Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the:

Transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Chemical bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons are called

covalent

A chemical reaction in which substances combine to form more complex substances is called

Synthesis

What Acids

Are protons donors

Substances that accept hydrogen ions are refered to as

bases

What is the formula for glucose

C6H12O6

What is the formula for sucrose

C12H22O11

What are 5 monosaccharides?

Glucose, fructose, galactose, deoxyribose, and ribose

What are 2 disaccharides

Sucrose and lactose

Name 3 polysaccharides

Starch Glycogen, and cellulose

What is the difference in the formulas for carbohydrates and lipids

Carbohydrates have a 1 : 2 : 1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, while lipids contain far less oxygen relative to carbon and hydrogen

What are the building blocks of fat molecules

Glycerol and fatty acid chains

What is the difference in the formulas for carbohydrates and lipids?

Carbohydrates maintain a 1 : 2 : 1 ration CHO, whereas lipids have much smaller amlunts oxygen relative to carbon and hydrogen

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Saturated: have only single bonds between carbons and are saturated with oxygen

Unsaturated : Fatty acids contain one or more double bonds

What makes up a phospholipid?

One glycerol molecule, two fatty acid chains and one phosphate group

Describe a steroid molecule

A lipid molecule composed of four interconnected carbon rings

What is incorrect in reference to a carbohydrate?

That theyu contain nitrogen or are composed of amino acids

Proteins are composed of how many commonly occuring amino acids?

20

Amino acids frequently becomed joined by?

Peptide bonds

What is NOT an example of proteins

Glycogen

What is a structural lipid found on a cell membrane?

Phospholipid

Steroids

Lipid

Glycerol

Building block of lipids

Glucose

Monosaccharide

Enzymes

Proteins

Glycogen

Polysaccharide

Keratin

Protein

Lactose

Disaccharide

Actin & Myosin

Proteins

Startch

Polysaccharide

Sucrose

Disaccharide

Building blocks of carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Cellular cytoplasm is primarily composed of this substance

Water

The single most important fuel source for body cells

Glucose

Not soluble in water

Lipids

Contains CHO in the ration CH2O

Carbohydrates

Contains CHO but relatvely small amount of oxygen

Lipids

These building blocks contain N in addition CHO

Amino Acids

Contains P in addition to CHON

Nucleic Acids

Used to insulate the body and found in all cell membranes

Lipids

Primary components of meat and cheese

Proteins and lipids

Primary components of bread and lolipops

Carbohydrates

Includes collagen and hemoglobin

Proteins

A class that usually includes cholesterol

Lipids

glucose and fructose

Monosaccharides

hemoglobin

Protein

insulin

Protein

Cellulose and glycogen

Polysaccharides