5: Separate chemistry 1

actual yield

the mass of product obtained from a reaction

alloys

a metal compound made by combining 2 or more metals together

atom economy

the measure of the amount of starting materials that end up as useful products

avogadro’s law

equal volumes of different gasses will contain the same number of molecules

by-product

a secondry product made in a reaction of something else

chemical cell

a cell which converts chemical energy into electrical energy

corrosion

the destruction of materials by chemical reaction with substances in the environment

electroplating

the process of coating a metal with a thin layer of another metal by electrolysis to improve the metal’s corrosion resistance or appearance

fertiliser

a chemical added to the soil to increase fertility, allowing crops to grow more effectively

fuel cell

an electrothermal cell which continuously produces a voltage when supplied with a fule and ocygen

haber process

an industrial process which produces ammonia from the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen. The reaction conditions ate 450oc and 200atm and it requires an iron catalyst

hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell

a fuel cell in which hydrogen and oxygen are the reactants used to produce a voltage and where water is the only product

molar volume

the volume occupied by one mole of gaseous molecules

molar volume at room temperature / pressure

the volume occupied by one mole of any gas at room temperature and pressure is 24dm^3

percentage yeild

the percentage ration of the actual yield of product from a reaction compared with the theoretical yield

sacrificial protection

the protection of iron or steel against corrosion by using a more reactive metal

theoretical yield

the maximum possible mass of a product that can be obtained from a reaction

titration

a technique used where a solution of a known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution

transition metal

a metal found between group 2 and 3 of the periodic table