APHUG 1.1 Notes

Relative distance

________: Instead of using a unit of measurement, it is based on an estimate.

Map

two-dimensional representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, political features, roads, etc.

Weaknesses

________: Area, shape, size, and direction are all slightly distorted.

Reference maps

These maps provide basic information. There are four different types:

1. Political maps

2. Physical maps

3. Road maps

4. Plat maps

Thematic maps

These maps provide more specific information than reference maps. There are five different types:
1. Cartograms: A map in which the geometry of the regions are distorted according to specific statistics.
2. Choropleth: A map that uses different colors, shadings, or patterns to demonstrate data.
3. Isoline/Topographic: A map that uses lines that are drawn on a map connecting points of the same value.
4. Graduated symbol: A map that uses different symbols to show different amounts of sizes.
5. Dot distribution: A type of map that uses a symbol to demonstrate the geographic distribution.

Scale

ratio between the size of things in the real world compared to the size of those same things on the map

Strengths

________: Preserves shape and direction.

Cartographic scale

Refers to the way how the map compares the ratio of its size to the size of what it represents.

Geographic scale

Refers to the area of the world being studied.

Small scale map

show a larger amount of area with less detail.

Large scale map

show a smaller amount of area with greater amount of detail.

Absolute location

Exact location using latitudes and longitudes. Ex: Paris, France is located at 48.8566 degrees N, 2. 3522 degrees E.

Relative location

Not exact location, is used to describe location based on its relationship with another location. Ex: The Target is located right next to my house.

Map

A map is a two-dimensional representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, political features, roads, etc

There are two different types of maps

Reference maps and thematic maps

Reference maps

These maps provide basic information

Thematic maps

These maps provide more specific information than reference maps

Cartograms

A map in which the geometry of the regions are distorted according to specific statistics

Choropleth

A map that uses different colors, shadings, or patterns to demonstrate data

Isoline/Topographic

A map that uses lines that are drawn on a map connecting points of the same value

Graduated symbol

A map that uses different symbols to show different amounts of sizes

Dot distribution

A type of map that uses a symbol to demonstrate the geographic distribution

Scale

Scale is defined as the ratio between the size of things in the real world compared to the size of those same things on the map

Cartographic scale

Refers to the way how the map compares the ratio of its size to the size of what it represents

Geographic scale

Refers to the area of the world being studied

Small scale map

Small scale maps show a larger amount of area with less detail

Large scale map

Large scale maps show a smaller amount of area with greater amount of detail

Absolute location

Exact location using latitudes and longitudes

Ex

Paris, France is located at 48.8566 degrees N, 2

Relative location

Not exact location, is used to describe location based on its relationship with another location

Ex

The Target is located right next to my house

Absolute direction

Exact direction using cardinal points

Ex

Target is southeast of Georgia.2

Relative direction

Not exact, is used to describe distance based on its relationship with another direction

Ex

Her house is right opposite of mine

Absolute distance

Uses a unit of measurement

Ex

Target is 15 miles away from Walmart.2

Relative distance

Instead of using a unit of measurement, it is based on an estimate

Ex

This is just around the corner

Purpose

This projection is mainly used for navigation purposes

Strengths

Preserves shape and direction

Weaknesses

Distorts size/land area

Purpose

This projection is mainly used for spatial distributions related to area

Strengths

Preserves size/land area

Weaknesses

Distorts shape

Purpose

This projection is used generally

Strengths

No major distortion

Absolute direction

Exact direction using cardinal points. Ex: Target is southeast of Georgia.

Relative direction

Not exact, is used to describe distance based on its relationship with another direction. Ex: Her house is right opposite of mine.

Absolute distance

Uses a unit of measurement. Ex: Target is 15 miles away from Walmart.

Relative distance

Instead of using a unit of measurement, it is based on an estimate. Ex: This is just around the corner.