7.1 Effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on different organs. Autonomic reflexes.

sections

effect of symp and para on:

eye

nasal and lacrimal glands

salivary glands

adrenal glands

heart

coronary arteries

bladder

lungs

GIT

liver

gall bladder

kidney

penis

vagina

blood vessels

blood coag

adipose tissue

cellular metabolism

autonomic reflexes

eye

s - pupil dilates

p - pupil constricts

nasal and lacrimal glands

s - increase secretion

p - more saliva, including digestive enzymes

salivary glands

s - increase saliva more viscous no enzyme

p -

adrenal glands

s - increase adrenalin and noradrenalin on adrenal medulla

p - no effect

heart

s - Positive tropic effects:

• Inotropic: strength of contraction

• Bathmotropic: excitation of cardiomyocyte

• Tonotropic: tone of cardiomyocytes

• Chronotropic: frequency of contraction

• Dromotropic: conduction of impulses through cardiomyocytes

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p - negative tropic effects

coronary arteries

s- prnounced vasodilation

p - weak vasodilation

bladder

s - constriction of smooth muscle of bladder

p - sphincter muscle relaxed

lungs

s - bronchodilation

p - increased mucous secretion in bronchi

GIT

s - decreased motility and secretion, constriction of sphincter

p - increased motility, increased digestion and increased enzyme secretion, relax sphincter

liver

s - release glucose

p -

gall bladder

s - reduced bile secretion

p - increased bile secretion

kidney

s - vasoconstriction, reduced urine output, increased renin

p -

penis

s - ejaculation

p - erection

vagina

s -

p - erection of clitorus, vasodilation

blood vessels

s - adrenaline = vasodilation, alphas recept = constriction, beta = dilation

p -

blood coag

s - increased

p -

adipose tissue

s - lipolysis

p -

cellular metabolism

s - increased

p -

autonomic reflexes

Autonomic Reflexes - are unconscious- smooth cardiac muscle and glands- inoluntary

• motor reflexes are relayed from organs and glands to the CNS through visceral afferent signalling

• The ANS reflex arcs maintain homeostasis via a process of negative feedback

• A sensory cell in the peripheral nervous system takes a measurement,

• E.g. body temperature. If too high info relayed to the CNS where it is compared to a reference value.

  CNS then uses efferent fibres to generate a response from effector cells