Energy, Elements, and Atoms & Mixtures and Molecules

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Energy

the ability to do work

Energy Law

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed

Main types of Energy

kinetic and potential

Kinetic Energy

energy of motion

potential energy

stored energy

Chemical Energy

Energy stored in chemical bonds

Mechanical Energy

Directly moving matter

Electrical Energy

Movement of charged particles

Radiant Energy

Energy carried by electromagnetic waves

Element

Pure substance consisting of one type of atom.

Four Elements of Human Body

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen comprise 96%.

Atom

Smallest unit of an element retaining properties.

Subatomic Particles

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Protons

Positive charge; 1 amu; found in nucleus

Neutrons

No charge; 1 amu; found in nucleus

Electron

Negative charge; 0 amu; found on Electron Shells

Atomic Number

Number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Atomic Mass

Weighted average mass of an element's isotopes.

Isotopes

Atoms with same protons, different neutrons.

Molecules

two or more bonded atoms (O2, S8)

Compounds

Molecules that have two or more different bonded molecules

Mixture

Two or more components that are physically mixed

Three types of Mixtures

solutions, colloids, suspensions

Solution

Homogeneous mixture where particles are evenly distributed.

Solute

Substance dissolved in a solution.

Solvent

Substance that dissolves the solute.

Colloid/Emulsion

Heterogenous mixture with small particles that do not settle.

Suspension

Mixture with larger particles that settle over time.