Chapter 5 Bio Rad

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27 Terms

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Clone

An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced

<p>An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced</p>
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Transformation

(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA

Transferring DNA

<p>(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA</p><p>Transferring DNA</p>
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Conjugation

A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer.

<p>A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer.</p>
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Transduction

transfer of DNA from one cell to another by a bacteriophage

<p>transfer of DNA from one cell to another by a bacteriophage</p>
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recombinant protein

protein product of a gene derived by molecular cloning

<p>protein product of a gene derived by molecular cloning</p>
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Plasmids

Circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently of the main chromosomes of bacteria

<p>Circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently of the main chromosomes of bacteria</p>
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pGLO

Name for the plasmid that contains the jellyfish gene and the ampicillin resistant gene

<p>Name for the plasmid that contains the jellyfish gene and the ampicillin resistant gene</p>
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GFP gene

green fluorescent protein (from jellyfish)

<p>green fluorescent protein (from jellyfish)</p>
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F+

stands for transfer of DNA, Fertility Factor, and Functional Protein Group

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What do the letters PCR stand for?

polymerase chain reaction

<p>polymerase chain reaction</p>
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PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

is used to copy and amplify minute quantities of DNA/

<p>is used to copy and amplify minute quantities of DNA/</p>
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Promotor

A region of DNA with a specific sequence that tells RNA polymerase where to begin transcription.

<p>A region of DNA with a specific sequence that tells RNA polymerase where to begin transcription.</p>
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What do the letters GMO stand for?

genetically modified organism

<p>genetically modified organism</p>
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GMOs

crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods

<p>crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods</p>
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Bacteria

single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes

<p>single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes</p>
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restriction enzymes

Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides

<p>Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides</p>
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plasmid origin

allows plasmid to replicate independently form the bacterial chromosome

<p>allows plasmid to replicate independently form the bacterial chromosome</p>
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cloned genes

useful for making many copies of a particular gene and for producing gene products (protein or RNA)

<p>useful for making many copies of a particular gene and for producing gene products (protein or RNA)</p>
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Dolly the sheep

first cloned mammal

<p>first cloned mammal</p>
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Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics

Was one of the first recombinant proteins used for pharmaceutical application.

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extrachromosomal DNA

plasmid

<p>plasmid</p>
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antibiotic

A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rate of other organisms

<p>A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rate of other organisms</p>
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antibiotic resistance

the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic

<p>the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic</p>
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Enzyme

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing

<p>A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing</p>
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transformation efficiency

number of colonies that were successfully transformed with the plasmid

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Supernatant

The liquid on top of material deposited by settling or centrifugation.

<p>The liquid on top of material deposited by settling or centrifugation.</p>
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DNA marker/ladder

Size standard or DNA ladder

<p>Size standard or DNA ladder</p>