Chapter 5 Bio Rad

Clone

An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced

Transformation

(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA

Transferring DNA

Conjugation

A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer.

Transduction

transfer of DNA from one cell to another by a bacteriophage

recombinant protein

protein product of a gene derived by molecular cloning

Plasmids

Circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently of the main chromosomes of bacteria

pGLO

Name for the plasmid that contains the jellyfish gene and the ampicillin resistant gene

GFP gene

green fluorescent protein (from jellyfish)

F+

stands for transfer of DNA, Fertility Factor, and Functional Protein Group

What do the letters PCR stand for?

polymerase chain reaction

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

is used to copy and amplify minute quantities of DNA/

Promotor

A region of DNA with a specific sequence that tells RNA polymerase where to begin transcription.

What do the letters GMO stand for?

genetically modified organism

GMOs

crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods

Bacteria

single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes

restriction enzymes

Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides

plasmid origin

allows plasmid to replicate independently form the bacterial chromosome

cloned genes

useful for making many copies of a particular gene and for producing gene products (protein or RNA)

Dolly the sheep

first cloned mammal

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics

Was one of the first recombinant proteins used for pharmaceutical application.

extrachromosomal DNA

plasmid

antibiotic

A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rate of other organisms

antibiotic resistance

the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic

Enzyme

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing

transformation efficiency

number of colonies that were successfully transformed with the plasmid

Supernatant

The liquid on top of material deposited by settling or centrifugation.

DNA marker/ladder

Size standard or DNA ladder