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Clone
An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced
Transformation
(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA
Transferring DNA
Conjugation
A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer.
Transduction
transfer of DNA from one cell to another by a bacteriophage
recombinant protein
protein product of a gene derived by molecular cloning
Plasmids
Circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently of the main chromosomes of bacteria
pGLO
Name for the plasmid that contains the jellyfish gene and the ampicillin resistant gene
GFP gene
green fluorescent protein (from jellyfish)
F+
stands for transfer of DNA, Fertility Factor, and Functional Protein Group
What do the letters PCR stand for?
polymerase chain reaction
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
is used to copy and amplify minute quantities of DNA/
Promotor
A region of DNA with a specific sequence that tells RNA polymerase where to begin transcription.
What do the letters GMO stand for?
genetically modified organism
GMOs
crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods
Bacteria
single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes
restriction enzymes
Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
plasmid origin
allows plasmid to replicate independently form the bacterial chromosome
cloned genes
useful for making many copies of a particular gene and for producing gene products (protein or RNA)
Dolly the sheep
first cloned mammal
Insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics
Was one of the first recombinant proteins used for pharmaceutical application.
extrachromosomal DNA
plasmid
antibiotic
A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rate of other organisms
antibiotic resistance
the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic
Enzyme
A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
transformation efficiency
number of colonies that were successfully transformed with the plasmid
Supernatant
The liquid on top of material deposited by settling or centrifugation.
DNA marker/ladder
Size standard or DNA ladder
