APHuG - Unit 04 Vocab Summative Study

contagious diffusion

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

sociofacts

ways people organize their society and relate to one another

Creole language

a language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people in a place of the mother tongue; the Haitian language is an example

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.

Stimulus Diffusion

a form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place

Traditional Architecture

traditional building styles of different cultures, religions, and places

Isogloss

a map indicating language boundaries

Post Modern Architecture

an architectural style that emphasized breaking the rules of the rigid style of modern architecture

Ethnicity

Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.

Cultural Divergence

The likelihood or tendency for cultures to become increasingly dissimilar with the passage of time.

Lingua Franca

a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different for business purposes.

Indo-European Language Families

A large group of languages that might all have descended from a language spoken around 6,000 years ago.

Pidgin Language

A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communication among speakers of two different languages.

Expansion Diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another is a snowballing process.

Centrifugal Forces

Forces that tend to divide a country.

Cultural Landscape

the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape

Hierarchical Diffusion

the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places

Sequent Occupance

the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape

Cultural Realms

A large area of the world that shares a similar cultural traits and characteristics

Pop Culture

Culture is found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics; it is highly contagious and always changing.

Relocation Diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend through the bodily movement of people from one place to another.

Dialects

Local or regional characteristics of a language. While accent refers to the pronunciation differences of a standard language, a dialect, in addition to pronunciation variation, has distinctive grammar and vocabulary

Cultural Hearth

The start of a trait.

Romance Languages

Any of the languages derived from Latin including Italian, Spanish, French, and Romanian.

Cultural Appropriation

The adoption of cultural elements belonging to an oppressed group by members of the dominant group, without permission and often for the dominant group's gain

Polythestic

Belief in many gods

Syncretism

a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith

Universalizing Religions

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location. Typically has a prophet.

Judaism

Hearth is Israel, prophet is Abraham. Monotheistic.

Folk Culture

Culture is traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.

Multiculturalism

A perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions

Mentifacts

the ideas, beliefs, values, and knowledge of a culture

Centripetal Forces

Forces that tend to unite or bind a country together.

Cultural Convergence

The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share technology and organizational structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communication.

Taboos

Behaviors are heavily discouraged by a culture

Buddhism

The teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth

Hinduism

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms

Acculturation

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.

Cultural Relativism

the practice of judging a culture by its own standards even if different from ones own beliefs.

Time-space convergence

The idea that the distance between some places is actually shrinking as technology enables more rapid communication and increased interaction among those places

Official Language

The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.

Assimilation

the social process of absorbing one cultural group with another; Native American cultures forced to become "White Americans" during the reservation system.

Artifacts

object made by human beings

Christianity

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.

Islam

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

Universalizing Religion

a belief system that aims to be global, appealing to all people regardless of their culture or location; Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism

Ethnic Religion

A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated.