Anthro

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38 Terms

1
physical anthropology
study of natural history of human species
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2
cultural anthropology
study of cultural variation
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3
3 physical fields
paleoanthropology, primatology, human variation
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4
paleoanthropology
study of bone and stone remains of ancestors
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5
primatology
study of primates
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6
human variation
study of physical differences in humans today
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7
3 cultural fields
ethnology, linguistic anthropology, archaeology
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8
ethnology
study culture immersively
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9
linguistic anthropology
study of evolution of language
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10
archaeology
study of artifacts and remains of past cultures
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11
brain development
started with homo habilis, 2.4million years ago, caused by eating bone marrow
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12
homo erectus
1\.8million years ago, the brain was 3/4 ours today,
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13
200,000 years ago
when our brain state developed
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14
bipedalism
walking upright on 2feet
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15
australopithecus
who bipedalism began with 6mya
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16
ethnocentrism
ones culture is superior to others
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17
cultural relativism
comparing different culture to our own, proves that everything is relative, diversity is outcome of diverse environments
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18
jane goodall
first to observe chimps using tools, lived with them for 50 years, primatologist
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19
dian fossey
study gorilla behaviour, primatologist
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20
leakey
discovered fossil remains of homo habilis and Australopithecus, stone artifacts from stone age, contributed to understanding of primate evolution, paleanthropologist
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21
charles darwin
formed evolution theory when studying galapagos finches, paleanthropologist
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22
franz boas
established cultural relativism, cultural anthropologist
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23
theory of evolution
darwin, species change overtime, new species come from old species, common ancestor, genetic difference, finches
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24
theory of natural selection
darwin, genetic traits change, favourable organisms have more offspring, less favourable have less and die off, survival of the fittest
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25
social darwinism
herbert spencer, people who are better become powerful, based on natural selection theory
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26
iceberg theory
only 10% of culture seen
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27
differences between chimps and humans
brain size, bipedal or quadrupedal, swimming y/n, chromosomes 23/24, life span 100/50
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28
similarities between chimps and humans
hominids, terrestrials, complex emotions, no tails, opposable thumbs
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29
pepper moths
changed to dark colour to blend in with smog, proves natural selection
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30
iceman
otzis strange death asks what life was like
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31
bonobos and savage
apes understand speech and tasks through observation, biology vs cultural exposure
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32
skull
determines brain size
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33
foramen magnum
location determines bipedal or quadrupedal, middle vs back of neck
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34
brow ridge + sagittal crest
determines jaw strength, presence idicates diet of tough matter
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35
upper dental arch
determines communication, developed for communication leaves arch more round than rectangular for tongue movement
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36
canine teeth
used to tear flesh, lack makes communication more easy
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37
chin
allows communication, more forward implies less communication, back means complex communication
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38
forehead
determines movement, parallel implies bipedalism
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