MAPEH Reviewer: Music and Modern Art (20th Century)

A diverse set of flashcards covering key figures, movements, works, and concepts from music (20th-century styles, composers, and electronic/minimalist pioneers) and modern art movements discussed in the notes.

Who is described as the 'Father of the Modern School of Composition' and the primary exponent of impressionism?

Claude Debussy (1862–1918).

What is Impressionism in music?

A movement that emphasizes moods and impressions through color, vague melodies, and progressive harmonies to create an emotional mood rather than depict reality.

Name a famous Debussy orchestral work about the sea.

La Mer (The Sea).

Which prize did Debussy win that enabled a study in Rome, and with which work did he win it?

The Prix de Rome for L’Enfant Prodigue (The Prodigal Son).

What non-Western influence did Debussy encounter at the 1889 Paris Exposition?

The Javanese gamelan. 【Exposed to new timbres and textures.】

Which Debussy piano piece is a signature work translated as 'Moonlight' and part of Suite Bergamasque?

Clair de Lune.

Where was Debussy born and when did he die?

Born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France; died in Paris, March 25, 1918.

Which Ravel work is famous for its steady, hypnotic rhythm and orchestral color?

Bolero.

What is the title of Ravel’s early memorial Pavane written in 1899?

Pavane pour une Infante Défunte (Pavane for a Dead Princess).

Which Ravel piece translates to 'Water Fountains' and is a piano work (1901)?

Jeux d’Eau (Water Games).

Name a ballet by Ravel that demonstrates rhythmic diversity and nature imagery, commissioned by Serge Diaghilev.

Daphnis et Chloé (1912).

Which other renowned Ravel work is a suite for piano known for its atmosphere and '</>signature pieces' like Ondine?

Gaspard de la Nuit (1908).

Which Ravel composition commemorates early 18th-century French baroque aesthetics?

Le Tombeau de Couperin (1917).

What is a famous orchestral piece by Ravel that became his most widely known work and features a closing waltz?

La Valse (1920).

Which Stravinsky ballet is known for its radical rhythms and a Pagan ritual theme?

The Rite of Spring (1913).

Name Stravinsky’s early success for Diaghilev that preceded The Rite of Spring.

The Firebird Suite (1910).

Which Stravinsky ballet features Petrouchka and shifting rhythms, reflecting Russian themes?

Petrouchka (1911).

Which Stravinsky opera (1951) alludes to Baroque and Classical styles and is based on a 18th-century composer’s era?

The Rake’s Progress (1951).

What term describes the 20th-century style that uses a single emphasized tone as a basis and influenced Stravinsky and Bartók?

Primitivism.

Which composer is associated with Primitivism and later neo-classicism, and wrote Six String Quartets?

Béla Bartók.

Name a famous Bartók work for string quartet and a popular orchestral piece from his later life.

Six String Quartets (1908–1938); Concerto for Orchestra (1943).

Which collection by Bartók is a progressive piano work sequence (six books)?

Mikrokosmos (1926–1939).

Which composer created a 'Classical Symphony' (Symphony No. 1) that helped fuse classical forms with modern language?

Sergei Prokófiev.

Name two major Prokófiev works related to ballet or opera:

Romeo and Juliet (ballet) and War and Peace (opera).

Francis Poulenc was a member of which French group of composers?

Les Six.

Which Poulenc work is a light-hearted piece for a dance-like chamber setting and features a harpsichord concerto?

Concert Champêtre (1928).

Name a Poulenc choral work known for monophony and dissonance and a later Baroque-like Stabat Mater.

Litanies à la Vierge noire (1936) and Stabat Mater (1950).

Who was the only female member of Les Six?

Germaine Tailleferre.

Name two iconic works of George Gershwin that blend jazz with classical forms.

Rhapsody in Blue (1924) and An American in Paris (1928).

Which American composer is known for West Side Story and for his Young People’s Concerts?

Leonard Bernstein.

Name a landmark minimalist work by Philip Glass and one of his operas.

Einstein on the Beach (1976).

Which Indian musician influenced Philip Glass and aided in Chappaqua’s soundtrack collaboration?

Ravi Shankar.

What is a defining feature of Philip Glass’s musical style?

Repetitive, cell-like phrases and slowly evolving textures (minimalism).

Who is often called the Father of Electronic Music and coined the term 'organized sound'?

Edgard Varèse.

Name Stockhausen’s multi-ensemble works for orchestras and tape that pushed the limits of electronics:

Gruppen (1957); Kontakte (1960); Hymnen (1965).

Which 1977 Stockhausen work is a seven-part opera about the days of the week?

Licht (Light).

What groundbreaking piece did John Cage compose that lasts 4 minutes and 33 seconds and involves silence?

4′33″.

Which composer created the prepared piano and a wide range of sounds in Sonatas and Interludes (1946–1948)?

John Cage.

What is Musique Concrète?

Music that uses tape-recorded sounds as the primary material (concrete sounds).

Which art movement sought to capture the viewer’s momentary impression and featured artists like Manet, Monet, Renoir?

Impressionism in art.

Name three key Impressionist painters listed in the notes.

Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir.

Which Post-Impressionist artists are highlighted as bridging the 19th and 20th centuries, notably with bold color and brushwork?

Paul Cezanne and Vincent van Gogh.

Name the major styles that emerged within Expressionism (as listed):

Neoprimitivism, Fauvism, Dadaism, Surrealism, Social Realism.

Which major Picasso painting is cited as a monumental statement of Social Realism against war?

Guernica (1937).

What is Cubism as defined in the notes?

A play of planes and angles on a flat surface; derived from 'cube'.

Name two artists associated with Color Field painting.

Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman.

Who created Autumn Rhythm (1950) and was a leading figure of Abstract Expressionism?

Jackson Pollock.

Which Pop artist is known for Whaam! (1963) and In the Car (1963)?

Roy Lichtenstein.

What is Neodadaism and name a representative work or artist?

An art reform movement using commonplace or nonsensical objects; Andy Warhol’s 12 Cars (1962) and Marilyn Monroe (1967) are examples.

Which artist is associated with the concepts of Conceptual Art (e.g., One of the Three Chairs, 1965)?

Joseph Kosuth.

What is Op Art and name a representative work from Bridget Riley?

Op Art is art that creates optical illusions; Bridget Riley’s Current (1964).

What is Installation Art and what is its aim?

Art that uses space and materials to alter the viewer’s experience; can be lifesize or larger.

List the four basic elements of Performance Art.

Time, space, the performer’s body, and the relationship between performer and audience.