Phlebotomy Test - Medical Assisting

Needle sizes, styles 3) Additives for the tubes 4) Proper procedure for Pre/During/Post blood draw 5) Lab equipment 6) Types of POC testing 7) Patient education/instruction for POC tests 8) Safety precautions

Order of Draw

Blood cultures, Light Blue, Tiger/Gold/Serum, Green, Purple, Gray

Which anticoagulant is found in light blue

Sodium citrate

Veins found in antecubital region

Cephalic, median, cubital, basilic

Additive included in lavender top tube

EDTA

Sealed or locked specimen bag is used for

Chain of custody

Tube color needed to draw a PT or PTE

Light blue

Lancet is used for blood specimens by

Skin puncture/capillary puncture

First of several tubes for blood draw

Blood cultures

Tube does not have anticoagulant

Red

Correct angle for venipuncture

15°

First step in blood collection process

Test requisition

Make up 50% of blood volume

Plasma

First step in capillary puncture

Prepare the site

Blood specimen rejected if

insufficient blood, pt id, wrong color tube

additives for drawing CBC (lavender tube)

EDTA

lavender tube used for

hematology

collection for red top tube

none

lower than normal erythrocyte level

anemia

Tube containing heparin

green

rupturing of RBC (by tourniquet)

hemolysis

Requires collection tube for gray

blood glucose

capillary puncture in all ages is performed on

ring or middle finger

Blood urea nitrogen test used for

renal or kidney disorders

Glucose Tolerance Test

metabolism/breakdown of carbohydrates

hemophilia

blood does not clot at a wound site

Oliguria is painful urination

True

Glucose is found in large amounts of urine

False

Stress incontinence is when urine leaks during pressure movements

True

No special cleaning in random urine specimen

True

excess protein in urine is renal disease

False

Urinary retention, pt cannot empty bladder w/ catheter

True

CBC

RBC, WBC, HGB, HCT, Platelets

Hemoglobin (HGB) MALE

13-17 gps

Hemoglobin (HGB) FEMALE

12-16

Hematocrit (HCT) MALE

42-52%

Hematocrit (HCT) FEMALE

36-48%

Hemoglobin A1C NORMAL

under 5.7%

Hemoglobin A1C PRE-DIABETIC

5.7-6.4

Cholesterol results

Total Cholesterol (avg. 180-200), LDL, HDL, Triglycerides

Normal urine pH

5-7

normal specific gravity for urine

1.005 - 1.030

Urobili nogen

0.2

POCT: Pregnancy

HCG hormone checks

POCT: Streptococcus

throat swab for strep bacteria

POCT: Hemoglobin

small finger prick to check anemia

POCT: Spun hematocrit

% of RBC by small blood sample to check for anemia & dehydration

POCT: Hemoglobin A1C

measures avg. blood sugar levels over past 2-3 months

H-Pylori

UREA breath test, stool test, blood test, EDG

Mono Screening

checks for virus & antibodies using blood or saliva

Equipment for Blood draws

needle, gloves, tourniquet, alcohol swabs, sharps container, blood collection tubes, gauze, syringe, bandage

Additives: Light blue

sodium citrate

Additives: Gray

sodium fluoride

Additives: Gold/Tiger/Serum

Clot activator

before blood draw

Confirm pt. identity and order. Explain the process and get consent. Make sure the patient is comfortable. Gather all necessary supplies.

During Blood draw

Wear gloves and clean the area with alcohol. Apply a tourniquet and find a vein. Insert the needle and collect blood. Release the tourniquet and remove the needle. Apply pressure and a bandage.

After Blood draw

Dispose of the needle safely. Label and store the blood sample properly. Check for any bleeding or dizziness. Advise the pt. to stay hydrated and avoid heavy lifting.