Unit 8 Vocab (Conflict in the Middle East)

Sykes-Pi

An agreement between the british and the french. France gets Syria and Lebanon, and Britain gets Iraq, Palestine, and Transjordan.

Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

This organization formed in 1964 with the purpose of creating a homeland for Palestinians in Israel

Arab League

An international organization of independent Arab states formed in 1945 to promote cultural and economic and military and political and social cooperation.

Suez Crisis

July 26, 1956, Nasser (leader of Egypt) nationalized the Suez Canal, Oct. 29, British, French and Israeli forces attacked Egypt. UN forced British to withdraw; made it clear Britain was no longer a world power

Zionism

A policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine.

Arab Spring

A revolutionary wave of protests and demonstrations overtaking dictators in the Middle East (2011)

Intifada

an uprising by Palestinian Arabs (in both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank) against Israel in the late 1980s and again in 2000

Anglo-Ira

British control in Iran. Oil is easier to store than coal. Shah technically still rules, but the Russians and the British control politics

Iranian Revo

(1978-1979) a revolution against the shah of Iran led by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, which resulted in Iran becoming an Islamic republic with Khomeini as its leader

Ayat

Shi'ite philosopher and cleric who led the overthrow of the shah of Iran in 1979 and created an Islamic Republic of Iran.

"The Great Satan"

the muslim's nickname for the USA

Secularism

the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on earth not to accommodate the prescriptions of a deity and promises of a comfortable afterlife

Israel

A Jewish state on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, both in antiquity and again founded in 1948 after centuries of Jewish diaspora.

Palestine

A territory in the Middle East on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Disputed with Israel.

6 Day War

1967, Israel attacks Syria and Jordan, and Eqypt unprovoked taking out air forces, Israel wins and gets the Golan Heights from Syria, WB from Jordan, and the Sinai peninsular and GS from Egypt

Yom Kippur War

This was a war fought by Israel and neighboring Arab nations where the Arabs launched a surprise attack during Yom Kippur. U.S. support for Israel during the war led to OPEC boycotting the U.S., creating an energy crisis.

Gamal Abdel

Arab leader, set out to modernize Egypt and end western domination, nationalized the Suez canal, led two wars against the Zionist state, remained a symbol of independence and pride, returned to socialism, nationalized banks and businesses, limited economic policies

Balfour

British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WWI

Pan-Arab Natio

this ideology wanted unification of Arab world

Non-Alignment Policy

Policy of not supporting either side in a conflict

Mohammed Moss

Prime Minister of Iran before overthrown in CIA coup, accused of treason, and convicted as a Communist

Shah Reza Khan

Led a Nationalist movement in Iran (Persia) in 1921 against British influence. Was a secular dictator that wanted to modernize and westernize Persia calling it by its native name Iran.

Shah Mohamm

leader of Iran after World War II; embraced Western governments and wealthy Western oil companies