Chem U4 C6 - Classes of Organic Compounds

alicyclic (cyclic) hydrocarbon

carbon atoms have joined together to form a closed ring structure

aliphatic compound

hydrocarbon consisting of a chain or non-aromatic ring

alkane

chain hydrocarbon with only single bonds

alkene

chain hydrocarbon with at least one double bond

alkoxide

anion formed when an alcohol loses the H the alcohol functional group

alkyne

chain hydrocarbon with at least one triple bond

amine

one or more atoms of hydrogen in ammonia are replaced by an alkyl group

aromatic hydrocarbon

hydrocarbon containing one or more benzene rings

carbonyl compound

contains the carbonyl group -C=O

carboxylic acid

acid with the functional group -COOH

condensation reaction

reaction between two functional group that results in the release of a small molecule, usually water

cycloalkane

cyclic hydrocarbon with only single bonds

cycloalkene

cyclic hydrocarbon with at least one double bond

cycloalkyne

cyclic hydrocarbon with at least one triple bond

delocalised electrons

valence electrons that are not restricted to specific bonds but spread over several atoms in a compound

dispersion force

weak intermolecular force resulting from momentary dipoles

ester link

link between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol that forms an ester

esterification

the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to produce an ester

functional group

special atom or group of atoms present in the families of organic compounds that imparts particular chemical and physical properties

geometrical isomer

isomer resulting from a double bond around which carbon atoms cannot rotate, so they differ in the geometric relationships of substituent groups

hydrophilic

attracting water and capable of forming bonds with water

hydrolysis

reaction with water

hydrophobic

more attracted to particles of the same type than to water, usually immiscible with water

inorganic compound

compound that is not organic

organic compound

compound containing carbon (except carbonates, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide)

primary alcohol

an alcohol in which one carbon atom is bonded to the carbon atoms attached to the -OH group

saponification

the reaction between an ester and a hydroxide ion to form an alcohol and a carboxylate anion

saturated compound

an organic compound with only single bonds between carbon atoms

secondary alcohol

an alcohol in which two carbon atoms are bonded to the carbon attached to the -OH group

substituent

an atom or group of atoms that substitutes for hydrogen on a parent carbon in a hydrocarbon molecule

tertiary alcohol

an alcohol in which three carbon atoms are bonded to the carbon attached to the -OH group

triglyceride

a large molecule formed from the reaction between glycerol and three fatty acids

unsaturated compound

an organic compound containing one or more multiple bonds