Lab 25 - Vertebrate Organ Sysytems

This is the skeleton of a lamprey. It belongs in class ________ and it has a persistent notochord with some _______.

Agnatha, cartilage

This is a skeleton of a shark, it belongs to class _________, it has a skeleton made of ______ and spot _______ in its jaws.

Chondrichthyes, cartilage, calcification

This is a skeleton of a perch, it’s in class _________, its skeleton is made of ______, and its muscles are OR are not attached to the skeleton by tendons.

Actinopterygii, bone, are not

This is a skeleton of a _________ in class ________.

salamander, Amphibia

Structure A is the ______ girdle and structure B is the ______ girdle.

pectoral, pelvic

Humans have 1 bone in the upper arm and upper leg. We have 2 bones in the lower arm and lower leg. How does this compare to amphibians and other tetrapods?

The skeletal system is the same.

This is a skeleton of a _______ in class ________.

frog, Amphibia

Structure A is the _________ girdle and structure B is the ________.

pectoral, pelvic

Frogs are ________ because they have 4 limbs, and their muscles are OR are not attached to their skeleton by tendons.

tetrapods, are

This is a skeleton of an _______ and it belongs to the class _______.

alligator, Reptilia

How does the number of bones in the appendages of this reptile compared to amphibians and other tetrapods?

The number of bones is the same (homology)

Compared to the salamander skeleton, the girdles position the legs closer to OR further from the ground.

further from

This is an alligator skull that belongs to the class ________. Structure A is the _______ and it separates the respiratory and oral passages.

Reptilia, palate

This is the skeleton of a turtle in class _________. Structure A is the _________ and the upper shell is the carapace OR plastron.

Reptilia, vertebral column, carapace

This is the skeleton of a pigeon in class _______. Structure A is the _____ an extended sternum for attachment of flight muscles and structure B is the ______ a set of fused clavicles.

Reptilia, keel, furcula

The limbs of birds are _______ (same) to those of other tetrapods.

homologous

These skeletons are in class Mammalia. How do the number of bones of mammal limbs compared to other mammals and to those of other tetrapods? This is the result of ________.

The number of the bones are the same, homology

This is the integumentary system of a lamprey in class _______. Does it have scales OR no scales?

Agnatha, no scales

This is the integumentary system of a shark in class Chondrichthyes. These are _______ scales which originated from the ______. They are made of dentine covered in enamel, which is similar to the structure of a ______.

placoid, dermis, tooth

This is the integumentary system of class __________ (ray-finned fishes).

Actinopterygii

Label A are ______ scales, B are ______ scales, and C are ______ scales. The scales originated from the _______.

ganoid, cycloid, ctenoid, dermis

This is the integumentary system of class __________. Their skin is _______, _______, and ________ for respiration.

Amphibia, thin, moist, vascular

Class Amphibia have no _______ and no ______.

scales, claws

This is the integumentary system of a bearded dragon in class ________. They have scales and claws made of ________ epidermis.

Reptilia, keratinized

The scales of the bearded dragon protect against drying out and their claws provided ______ on land.

traction

These are bird feathers in class Reptilia and they are made of ________ epidermis.

keratinized

Feather A is a ______ feather and feather B is a ______ feather.

flight, contour

This is class Mammalia, in this class, the claws, nails, hooves, fur/hair and covers of hors are made of ________ epidermis.

keratinized

This image shows the circulatory system of the classes Agatha, Chondrichthyes, Sarcopterygii, and Actinopterygii (all fishes). This system has ____ chambers in the heart and its circulation involves a single OR double circuit.

2, single

This image shows the circulatory system of class Amphibia. This system has ____ chambers in the heart, and its circulation involves a single OR double circuit.

3, double

This image shows the circulatory system of class Reptilia, specifically birds. This system has ___ chambers and its circulation involves a single OR double circuit.

4, double

Birds are ectotherm OR endotherms and unlike birds, most reptiles are ectotherms OR endotherms, and they have a ____ chambered heart.

endotherms, ectotherms, 3 1/2

This image shows the circulatory system of class Mammalia. This system has ___ chambers in the heart, and its circulation involves a single OR double circuit.

4, double

The circulatory system of Mammals starts with the blood that goes from the lungs to the _____ atrium, then to the ______ ventricle, then to the body system, then to the _____ atrium, then to the ______ ventricle, and lastly back to the lungs.

left, left, right, right

This is a bird blood smear. The red blood cells (rbc’s) in the picture have nuclei. Amphibians OR Mammals OR both Amphibians and Mammals also have RBCs with nuclei.

Amphibians

These bird RBCs have a lower OR greater surface area to volume ratio than do amphibian RBCs.

greater

This is a mammalian blood smear. The red blood cells in the picture do OR do not have nuclei. The biconcave shape gives mammal RBCs a lower OR greater surface area-to-volume ratio than in bird RBCs.

do not, greater

This image shows the respiratory system of a lamprey in class Agnatha. Structure A are the _______ which lead to the gill _______.

gill apertures, pouches

This is the respiratory system of a shark in class Chondrichthyes. Structure A are the ______ and structure B is the _______.

gill slits, spiracle

The respiratory system of a shark goes from the mouth over to the ____ and out the gill slits. The alternate route is into the dorsal _____ over to the ____ and out the gill slits.

gills, spiracle, gills

This shows the respiratory system of class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes). Structure A is the ______ responsible for the pumping movement that pulls water across the gills and structure B are the ____.

operculum, gills

The flow of water of this perch is _________ compared to the direction of blood flow through gills.

countercurrent

This shows the respiratory system of an axolotl in class Amphibia. Structure A shows the ____ in larvae which are replaced by lungs/skin breathing when the larva metamorphoses into an adult.

gills

The development of axolotl is ______ meaning that they appear like larva for their entire life becoming sexually mature.

neoteny

This is the respiratory system of class Amphibia. Structure A are the _____ used for olfaction OR breathing OR both olfaction and breathing. The air is pushed into the lungs by contracting the mouth cavity OR pulled into the lungs by using body wall muscles.

nostrils, both olfaction and breathing, pushed into lungs by contracting the mouth cavity

This shows the respiratory system of class Reptilia, they are ectotherms. The air is pushed into lungs by contracting mouth cavity OR pulled into lungs by using body wall muscles. Unlike other reptiles, crocodiles have a _____ which separates the mouth cavity and the respiratory passageway.

pulled into lungs by using body wall muscles, palate

This shows the respiratory system of birds in class Reptilia, they have lungs with _____ which allow gas exchange with both inhalation and exhalation.

air sacs

This is the respiratory system of a fetal pig in class Mammalia. Structure A shows the _______ which contracts to pull air into the lungs.

diaphragm

This image shows the reproductive system of lampreys in class Agnatha. The ammocoetes larva are similar to ______ (Subphylum Cephalochordata).

lancelet

This shows the reproductive system of sharks in class Chondrichthyes. Structure A are the ______ which are present in males OR females OR both.

claspers, male

This is a skate egg case from class Chondrichthyes. Skates are oviparous OR ovoviviparous OR viviparous.

oviparous

This is the reproductive system of a dogfish “pup” in class Chondrichthyes. Structure A is the ________ and dogfish are oviparous OR ovoviviparous OR viviparous.

yolk sac, ovoviviparous

This is the reproductive system of a perch in class Actinopterygii. Structure A are the _______ and structure B are the ______. Fertilization in Actinopterygii is usually external OR internal.

ovaries, testes, external

This is the reproductive system of frogs in class Amphibia. Structure A are the eggs with have no shell so they must be deposited in ____ conditions. Structure B is the larva (tadpole) which has a heart with __ chambers and respiration with _______. Structure C is the adults with a heart with ___ chambers and respiration with _______ and _______.

moist, 2, gills, 4, lungs and skin

This is the reproductive system of class Reptilia (ectotherms). Almost all reptiles lay amniotic ____ with leathery covering. The egg with a shell requires external OR internal fertilization.

eggs, internal

This is the reproductive system of birds in class Reptilia. Birds have an ______ egg with a hard covering and like other reptiles, all birds use external OR internal fertilization.

amniotic, internal

This is the reproductive system of class Mammalia, specifically group ________. Platypus are oviparous OR viviparous.

monotremes, oviparous

This is the reproductive system of class Mammalia, specifically group _______. Opossums are oviparous OR viviparous.

marsupials, viviparous

This is the reproductive system of class Mammalia, specifically group ________. This rat embryo is oviparous OR viviparous.

placentals, viviparous