Genes, Alleles, and Genomes

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Last updated 4:35 AM on 8/16/26
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9 Terms

1
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What are nucleotides (diagram)?

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2
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What is a gene?

  • The coded instructions for building a gene product (most likely a protein)


3
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What is an allele?

  • An alternative form of a gene (they determine specific traits e.g. hair and eye colour)


4
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What does the term heterozygous mean?

  • 2 different versions of a gene (only the dominant allele will be expressed


5
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What does the term homozygous dominant mean?

  • Both chromosomes have identical copies of the dominant allele


6
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What does the term homozygous recessive mean?

  • When both chromosomes have identical copies of the recessive allele


7
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What is a genome?

  • An entire set of an organisms DNA (46 chromosomes, 22 autosomes etc)


8
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What is the Human Genome Project?

  • A project aimed to fully sequence a human genome

  • Began in 1990


9
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What is a homologous chromosome?

Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes that have the same genes at the same locations (loci), with one chromosome inherited from each parent.

They are similar in:

  • Size

  • Shape

  • Genes and gene locations