Genes, Alleles, and Genomes

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Last updated 8:57 AM on 7/26/26
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8 Terms

1
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What are nucleotides (diagram)?

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2
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What is a gene?

  • The coded instructions for building a gene product (most likely a protein)

3
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What is an allele?

  • An alternative form of a gene (they determine specific traits e.g. hair and eye colour)

4
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What does the term heterozygous mean?

  • 2 different versions of a gene (only the dominant allele will be expressed

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What does the term homozygous dominant mean?

  • Both chromosomes have identical copies of the dominant allele

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What does the term homozygous recessive mean?

  • When both chromosomes have identical copies of the recessive allele

7
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What is a genome?

  • An entire set of an organisms DNA (46 chromosomes, 22 autosomes etc)

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What is the Human Genome Project?

  • A project aimed to fully sequence a human genome

  • Began in 1990