Pharmacology Review - Drug Mechanisms and Adverse Effects

These flashcards encapsulate the key concepts regarding drug names, mechanisms of action, and major adverse effects for review in pharmacology.

What is the mechanism of action of Carbamazepine?

Carbamazepine binds to inactive Na+ channels, preventing their return to resting state, leading to decreased Na+ uptake.

Name two major adverse effects of Phenytoin.

Impaired motor coordination and vertigo. + is teratogenic

What is the primary action of Valproate in treating seizures?

Valproate inhibits GABA Transaminase, leading to increased levels of GABA.

What are the adverse effects of benzodiazepines like Diazepam?

Sedation, drowsiness, impaired motor control, and dependence.

How does Ethosuximide work in treating absence seizures?

By reducing calcium conductance in the motor cortex and thalamus.

What medication is used as a dopamine precursor for Parkinson's disease?

Levodopa (L-DOPA).

What is the function of Donepezil in dementia treatment?

Inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine, enhancing synaptic transmissions.

What do SSRIs like fluoxetine do in depression treatment?

They restore serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft by inhibiting serotonin reuptake.

What is Lithium used to treat and what is a notable side effect?

Used for bipolar disorder; notable side effects include metallic taste and weight gain.

What is the mechanism of action for anti-psychotics like Olanzapine?

They act as dopamine D2 receptor antagonists and also bind with serotonin receptors.

What drug is considered a GABA agonist and acts as a CNS depressant?

Ethanol (ethyl alcohol).

What is the effect of Nicotine on the body?

It acts as an acetylcholine receptor agonist and is associated with several health issues including emphysema and heart disease.

What class of medications are prescribed for alcohol withdrawal?

Benzodiazepines.

What are amphetamines classified as and what do they increase in the brain?

They are sympathomimetic agents that increase concentrations of dopamine and noradrenaline.

What treatment is used for opioid overdose?

Naloxone.

What common property do hallucinogens like LSD and Psilocybin share?

They alter perceptions and can lead to mood variability or life-threatening thoughts.

Name two major adverse effects of cannabis use.

Induced schizophrenia and clouded mental functioning.