IRO - Finals

pray 4 us

Human Beings
Environment
Development

What are the 3 pillars of sustainable development?

Sustainability

This means to support for a prolonged period or to keep an effort going continuously; means to keep the productivity and wealth of our society going continuously in the distant future

Sustainable Development

means development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. also, a dynamic process which enables all people to realize their potential, and to improve their quality of life, in ways which simultaneously protect and enhance the Earth’s life support systems.

Sustainable Economy

is one characterized by development decisions, policies, and practices that do not exhaust the National resources and respect the cultural experiences of societies

Sustaining Society

one that lives in harmony with nature and within the self

Sustainable Environment

the national resources are able to sustain life, health, and acceptable progress, and to renew themselves

Sustainable Future

A healthy environment, economic prosperity, and social justice are pursued simultaneously to ensure the well-being and the quality of life of present and future generations. Education is crucial to attaining that future

(REP’M)
Recognizes the needs of everyone
Effective Protection of the Environment
Prudent use of natural resources
Maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growth and employment

These are the objectives of sustainable development

Putting people at the centre

Sustainable development must enable people to enjoy a better quality of life, now and in the future

Taking a long-term perspective

Radical improvements have to begin now to safeguard the interests of future generations. At the same time we must meet today’s needs.

Taking account of costs and benefits

Decisions must take account of a wide range of costs and benefits, including those which cannot easily be valued in money terms.

Creating an open and supportive economic system

Sustainable development requires a global economic system which supports economic growth in all countries.

Combating poverty and social exclusion

Everyone should have the opportunity to fulfill their potential, through access to high quality public services, education, and employment opportunities, decent housing, and good local environments

Respecting environmental limits

Serious or irreversible damage would pose a severe threat to global society.

Using scientific knowledge

When taking decisions, it is important to anticipate early on where scientific advice or research is needed, and to identify sources of information of high caliber.

Transparency, information, participation, and access to justice

Opportunities for access to information, participation in decision-making, and access to justice should be available to all

The Precautionary Principle

Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation

Polluter pays Principle

Much environmental pollution, resource depletion, and social cost occurs because those responsible are not those who bear the consequence

Integration

Ensure that economic decisions adequately reflect environmental impacts including human health, and that environmental initiatives take into account economic consequences

Stewardship

The recognition that we are caretakers of the environment and economy for the benefit of present and future generations

Shared responsibility

Acknowledge the responsibility of all the community for sustaining the environment and the economy in a spirit of partnership and open cooperation

Scientific and Technological Innovation

We should research, develop, test, and implement technologies essential to further environmental quality including human health and economic growth

Waste minimization

Endeavor to reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover the products of our society

Enhancement

We should enhance the long-term productive capability, quality and capacity of our natural ecosystem

Prevention

Anticipate, prevent or mitigate significant adverse environmental and economic impacts of policy, programs, and decisions

Conservation

Maintain essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life-support systems of our environment; harvest renewable resources on a sustained yield basis, and make wise and efficient use of our renewable and non-renewable resources

Rehabilitation and Reclamation

Endeavor to restore damaged or degraded environments to beneficial use

Global Responsibility

Think globally while acting locally (no bounds, ecological interdependence, cooperation)

Millenium Declaration (Goals)

These helped to lift more than one billion people out of extreme poverty, to make inroads against hunger, to enable more girls to attend school than ever before and to protect our planet.

Agenda 21

The topic of Chapter 3 of Agenda 21 that is also in commitment 2 of the Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development

True

T/F

Agenda 21 emphasized that poverty is a complex multidimensional problem with origins in both the national and international domains.

Country-Specific Programmes
International efforts supporting National Efforts

These are crucial solutions for Agenda 21

True

Agenda 21 is a non-binding action plan of UN regarding Sustainable Development and is a product the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro Brazil in 1992

Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development

Adopted at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), sometimes referred to as Summit 2002 at which the plan of implementation of WSSD was also agreed upon

Poverty Eradication

what is addressed in Chapter II of Johannesburg Plan of Implementation?

Need for PH businesses to increase productivity and international competitiveness

Japan assists the Philippines in this regard because despite the country’s positive results in structural economic reform, it still has to improve in this aspect

35%

How many percent of the PH population live below poverty line?

eradication of poverty

what is the core priority of the present administration?

UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20)

This is where the member states of Un adopted the outcome document “The Future We Want” in which they decided to launch a process to develop a set of SDGs

2015

This was a landmark year for multilateralism and international policy shaping with the adoption of several major agreements (i.e. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Addis Ababa Action Agenda on Financing for Development, Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

UN Sustainable Development in New York in September 2015

Where and when were the 17 SDGs adopted by the UN?

Economic Growth

a narrower concept than economic development; it is an increase in a country’s real level of national output which can be caused by an increase in the quality of resources. Can be measured by GDP

Economic Development

A normative concept as it applies in the context of people’s sense of morality.

Michael Todaro

He gave the definition of economic development that is “an increase in living standards improvement in self-esteem needs and freedom from oppression as well as a greater choice”

Human Development Index

a summary of human development around the world and implies whether a country is developed, still developing, or underdeveloped based on factors such as life expectancy, education, literacy, GDP per capita. The results are published in the Human Development Report and commissioned by the United Nations Development Program

Longevity

In the context of HDI, it is defined as the life expectancy

Knowledge

In HDI Context, it is a choice to acquire literacy, education ,information, etc. measured by the literate percentage in ratio with the total population.

Decent Standard of Life

It is a joy to enjoy a quality and standard life and depends upon the purchasing power of the people and the per capita income

Economic Growth

does not take into account the size of the informal economy. the informal economy is also known as the balck economy which is unrecorded economic activity

Modernisation

A development theory using science and technology to advance industry and stimulate economic growth. It is achieved when a country has high industrial outputs and export goods to the world economy.

Dependency

In a globalised world, all countries are interconnected. Some are winners of global trade while some are losers. Countries become wealthy by exploiting and underdeveloping the poorest nations through unfair trade.

Neoliberalism

Free global trade can simulate growth and large businesses can profit more without intervention.

Multiplier effect

May lead to an upward spiral of economic growth and encourage more people to move to a region

Sustainable Development.

Taking environmental factors into account, sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Human Development

Development cannot be achieved through economic improvement alone. Multiple dimensions need to be taken into account.

Post-Development

The rich cannot lift the poor out of poverty. Local communities need to address their own problems, using their own ideas. People have to develop themselves, rather than relying on ill-suited ideas from overseas.

Plastic Pollution

a major problem in the world. Over 8 billion tons of this have been generated by humanity since 1950 and only 9% have been recycled with more than half ending up in landiflls

True

True or False

Larger, more populated countries often produce more plastic garbage overall.

Fossil fuel-derived plastics

These make up 6% of the world’s oil usage

Plastics and greenhouse gas emissions

these two are closely linked at every stage of the plastic life cycle and play a signifcant role in climate change

World Energy Council

they have projected that if the manufacture and incineration of plastics continue their current rate, greenhouse gas emissions will reach 49 million metric tons by 2030

When plastics break down in the environment

When does greenhouse gas emissions happen?

Endocrine Disruption

Certain substances can cause cancer or alter hormone activity, a condition known as ____ which can impede growth, cognitive function, and reproduction

Bioaccumulation

Many harmful chemical additions linger in the environment and cause ____ in exposed organisms.

Microplastics

Studies have shown that they can be harmful to human health and can serve as pathways for infections to enter bodies which accelerates the spread of illness.

Soil and Water Contamination
Chemical Exposure to Workers
Waste Incineration-related air Pollution
Pollution at extraction sites

These are the health effects noted at every stage of the plastic value chain

Fetuses and early children

The harmful effects of plastic are severe in them as they are association with heightened chances of childhood cancer, cognitive impairment, stillbirth, birth abnormalities of the reproductive organs, and pre-term

Recycling

this is seldom lucrative and needs significant government subsidiaries

Land Fills

has a substantially smaller climate impact.

incineration

numerous contaminants might be released when garbage is burned.

Human Rights
Human Health
Biodiversity
Climate Change

Pollution from plastic and plastic-fossil fuel extraction affect these domains