Brinkley Chapter 14: The Civil War

Secession

Leave/Break Away

Confederate States of America

The South during the Civil War: SC, GA, AL, FL, MI, LA, TX

Fort Sumter

First shots fired; Fort belonging to the United States

Lincoln Election

Gives first inaugural

Border states

Slave states that were loyal to the Union: MS, KY, WVA, MD

Crittenden Compromise

Last effort to avoid war; Wanted to reestablish Missouri Compromise line

Union Advantages

Population, Materials, Transportation, Communication, Money, Government, Navy

Confederacy Advantages

Military Experience, Officers, More Prepared For Soldier Life, Strategy/geography, A defensive war for them

Billy Yank and Johnny Reb

Nicknames for the North and South respectively

Conscription

Mandatory military service

New York City Draft Riots (1863)

Deadliest riots in United States history in response to mandatory military service and the Emancipation Proclamation

Mathew Brady

Photographer

1864 Election

Lincoln never fully recognized the Confederacy as a separate nation, rather just 'states in rebellion'

George McClellan

Former Union general; Fired by Lincoln; Wanted to end the war

Radical Republicans

Advocated the immediate end of slavery; Wanted more harsh punishments for the South

Confiscation Act

Allowed Union armies to confiscate Confederate 'property'; Meant for slaves

Emancipation Proclamation (1862)

Lincoln's order to emancipate all slaves in Confederate states

Contraband

Term to describe an emancipated slave during the war; Provided labor assistance during the war

13th Amendment

Banned slavery in the entire United States

54th Massachusetts

One of the first all black Union regiments

Robert Gould Shaw

White officer of the 54th Massachusetts

Victory Condition

Enough Men? Enough Money? Enough Guns?

The Confederate Government

Protected state's rights and guaranteed the protection of slavery.

Jefferson Davis

First and only president of the Confederacy.

Alexander Stephens

Vice president of the Confederacy.

Money and Manpower (Lacked)

Inflation; they kept printing the Confederate dollar, leading to being the equivalent of 1 cent.

Conscription Act

Draft for mandatory military service; could get out of it if you had enough slaves.

Troop shortage

Economic and social effects of the war.

Union blockade

Cut off ships going in and out of the South.

Northern/Southern strategy

North: Bring back the South; shed as little blood at all costs. South: Break away; need to have a short war because they have no access to materials.

George B. McClellan

Union commander who was too passive and fired by Lincoln.

Ulysses S. Grant

More confrontational Union general known as 'He Butcher.'

Robert E. Lee

Confederate general in Virginia.

West Point Academy

Military academy where North and South generals went to school together.

Blockade

South was cutoff from trade from the outside, preventing them from creating a treaty with the British.

Confederate-British connection

Confederacy wanted an alliance with Great Britain.

Trent Affair

British ship with Confederate diplomats was captured by the North.

Statistics

Deadliest war in American history with 620,000 killed.

Repeating Rifle

Weapon technology that changed warfare tactics.

Railroads

Contributed to the North's victory by facilitating troop movement.

Telegraph

Communication technology that contributed to the North's victory.

First Battle of Bull Run

First major land battle resulting in a Confederate victory, showing that this would be a long war.

West Virginia

Broke away from Virginia and joined the Union.

New Orleans

Captured by the North early on, cutoff supply lines.

Peninsular Campaign

The failed effort to capture Richmond by going around.

"Stonewall" Jackson

Confederate general who stalled the Union advance in Shenandoah Valley.

Antietam

One of the bloodiest days in American history; right after, Lincoln addressed the Emancipation Proclamation.

Gettysburg

Turning point of the war; Union victory and the farthest North the Confederacy would ever go.

Pickett's Charge

Failed Confederate attack at Gettysburg.

William T. Sherman

Union general who invaded the South.

Battle of the Wilderness

Grant attacking Lee's army with very heavy casualties.

Atlanta

Captured by Sherman, allowed for the re-election of Lincoln.

"March to the Sea"

Total destruction of the South to prevent future rebellion.

Appomattox Court House

Location where Robert E. Lee and the Confederate army surrendered to Grant, marking the end of the Civil War.