CH 11 - Eye & Ear

globe

a spherical body

conjunctiva

mucous membrane that covers the inner lining of the eyelids and the surface of the eye

extraocular muscles

6 muscles attached to the eyeballs that move the eye up and down, side to side and rotate the eye.

ocul/o, opt/i, ophthalm/o

eye

rectus

straight

oblique

slanted, inclined

lacrim/o

tear

gland

acorn-shaped

lacrimal

pertaining to tears

nas/o

nose

orbit, orbit/o

orbit, circular

scler/o

hard

cornea

the convex, transparent structure over the iris and pupil; its convex shape is crucial for bending and focusing light onto the retina

cillary body

a ring of muscle that controls the shape of the lens for focusing

choroid

a layer of blood vessels within the uvea that nourish the retina

iris

colored portion of the eye

iris

rainbow

aqua/o

water

retina (NC)

net

retina

the inner light sensitive layer; consists of rods and cones that convert light into nerve impulses to be sent to the brain

accomodation

the process of constantly changing the shape of the lense to maintain visual acuity

-ion

action, process

concave

hollowed, curved

convex

vaulted, arched

con-

with together

extraocular

situated or occurring outside the eyeball

extra-

out, outside of

focus

convergence of light rays [via the bending of light (refraction) and the adjustment of the lens (accomodation)] to create a clear image

intra-

inside, within

-ity, ism, ness

state, condition

peripheral vision

ability to see objects as they come into the outer edges of the visual field

periorbital

pertaining to the area around the orbit

peri-

around

purulent

consisting or producing pus

refraction

the bending of light as it passes through the eye (cornea and lens) to focus light onto the retina

sight

the physical ability of the eyes to see; decode light into electrical impulses as it enters the eye and sends impulses to the brain

vision

the brains ability to process, identify, organize, interpret and understand what the eye sees

visual acuity

the sharpness or clearness of vision

ophthalmologist

A doctor who specializing in the
diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases
and disorders, including surgical
intervention

-logist

one who studies

optometrist

a physician skilled in the measurement of vision; provides primary eye care; vision exams, and lens prescriptions;

-metrist

one who measures

optician

technicians trained to fit eyeglass lenses, frames, and contact lenses to correct vision problems

-ian

specialist, practitioner

oculoplastic surgeon

an ophthalmologist who specializes in the surgery and treatment of the eyelids, orbit, and tear ducts, and surrounding facial structures

amblyopia (lazy eye)

reduced vision in one eye due to the brain suppressing the weaker eye’s input

-opia

condition of sight, vision

astigmatism

an irregular shaped cornea or curvature of the lens; resulting in blurred vision

a-

no, not, without

diplopia

double vision; the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object

emmetropia

a state of perfect or normal vision

hyperopia

farsightedness, a condition where distant objects are seen clearly, but nearby objects are blurred.

hyper-

beyond, excessive

myopia

nearsightedness, a condition where nearby objects are seen clearly, but distant objects are blurred.

nyctalopia

night blindness caused by a deficiency of vitamin A or other retinal disorders.

presbyopia

a reduced ability to see things that are close; occurs in MIDDLE/OLD age due to a loss of flexibility of the lens

esotropia

eye misalignment causing one or both eyes to turn INWARD; medial strabismus; “cross-eyed”

eso-

inward, inner, within

exotropia

eye misalignment causing one eye to turn OUTWARD lateral strabismus, “wandering eye”

exo-

outward, external

-tropia

condition of TURNING

hypertropia

eye misalignment causing one or both eyes to turn UPWARD

vertical strabismus

hypotropia

eye misalignment causing one or both eye to turn DOWNWARD; vertical strabismus

blephar/o

eyelid

-ptosis

drooping, prolapse

-spasm

involuntary contraction

conjunctivitis (pink eye)

inflammation of the conjunctiva, often caused by infection or allergens.

hordeolum (stye)

an infection of the meibomian gland (a type of sebaceous gland) of the eyelid

-plegia

paralysis

-ia

condition

cataract

complete or partial opacity (cloudiness) of the lense

glaucoma

ocular hypertension that leads to damage of the optic nerve leading to varying degrees of vision loss

endo-

inside, in, within

ex-

out, away from

-oma

mass, tumor

-edema

swelling

auto-

self

snellen chart

test of acuity in distant vision

tonometer

instrument for determining intraocular pressure

-meter

instrument for viewing

blepharoplasty

surgical repair of the eyelid

keratectomy

surgical excision of the cornea

kerat/o-

cornea

mi/o

lessen, constrict

mydr/i

widen, dilate

auricle (pinna)

the visible part of the outer ear; the ear lobe

external auditory canal/meatus

the ear canal, carries sound waves to the ear drum

audit/o

hearing, sound

meat/o

opening, passageway

-us

structure, thing

tympanic membrane

the eardrum; a thin membrane that separates the outer and middle ear and vibrates in response to sound waves

tympan/o

eardrum

eutachian tube

tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx; helps to equalize pressure

ossicle

a small bone, particularly relating to the three bones in the middle ear: INCUS, STAPES, MALLEOLUS

-cle, -ule

small, little

incus

middle of the three ossicles, shaped like an ANVIL

stapes

inner (medial) bone of the three, shaped like a STIRRUP

malleus

outer of the ossicles, shaped like a HAMMER

cochlea

the spiral shaped cavity of the inner ear; coverts sound vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain for interpretation.

cochlea (NC)

snail shell