Studied by 13 people
overpopulation
when the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.
census
source of data for population studies systemically acquiring and recording information about a population
youth dependency ratio
number of people who are too young to work
elderly dependency ratio
number of people who are too old to work
infant mortality rates
annual number of infant deaths (children under the age of 1)
sex ratio
number of males per 100 females in a given population
maternal mortality rate
annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births via pregnancy-related causes
migration
permanent move to a new location
refugee
a person forced to migrate to another country due to violence or can't return for fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, or membership in a social group
immigration
migration to a location
emigration
migration from a location
net migration
the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants to and from a region
counterurbanization
net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries
population momentum
the tendency for population growth to continue beyond the time that replacement level fertility has been achieved because of a relatively high concentration of people in their childbearing years
interregional migration
permanent move from one region of a country to another
intraregional migration
permanent movement within one region of a country
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
percent by which population grows annually
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
total of live births annually per 1,000 living people in an area
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
number of deaths 1,000 people
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
natalist
wanting to increase CBR
voluntary migration
a movement made by choice
forced migration
a type of movement in which people do not choose to relocate, but do so under threat of violence
internally displaced person
someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border
push factors
negative circumstances, events or conditions present in a migrant's home
pull factors
destination's positive conditions and circumstances
distance decay
the further away the location, the less likely a migrant is to travel there
gravity model of migration
the idea that migrants traveling long distances usually settle in urban areas
chain migration
people move to communities where relatives or friends have previously migrated
brain drain
when as mass of highly skilled/highly educated people move out of a country due to lack of economic opportunity
doubling time
number of years needed to double a population (not always accurate)
life expectancy
the average number of years an individual can be expected to live based on social, economic and medical conditions
epidemiology
branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a particular time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected place
epidemiological transition
distinctive health threats in each stage of the demographic transition
pandemic
a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population (ex. AIDs, ebola)
internal migration
migration within a country
international migration
migration between countries
degenerative diseases
decrease in deaths from infectious diseases and increase in chronic disorders associated with aging (ex. cardiovascular illnesses, cancer)
delayed degenerative diseases
cardiovascular/cancerous diseases linger but medicare advances increase
Industrial Revolution
medical technology invented in Europe and North America diffused into developing countries; improved medical practices, eliminated traditional causes of death in developing countries, increased life expectancy
arithmetic density
the total number of objects in an area
physiological density
the number of people per unit area of arable land
agricultural density
the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land
ecumune
the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.
demography
the scientific study of population characteristics.
circulation
short-term movements that recur regularly
mobility
all types of movements between locations
migration transition
a change in the migration pattern in a society that results in industrialization, population growth and other social/economic changes that also produces the demographic transition
sequent occupancy
the idea that occupation of an area by different groups of people almost always leaves behind visible traces, some of which influence future human uses of the land
demographic transition
a process of change in a society's population from high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population
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Flashcard (41)