chemistry

matter

anything that occupies space and has mass

what are the states of matter

solid, liquid, gas

matter may be changed _____ and ______

physically and chemically

energy has no ______ and does not take up _______

has no mass and does not take up space

what are the 2 types of energy

kinetic energy, potential energy

kinetic energy

doing work

potential energy

inactive or stored energy

what are the 4 forms of energy?

chemical energy, electrical energy, mechanical energy, cellular energy

what are elements?

fundamental units of matter

96% of the body is made up of what elements?

carbon(C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) nitrogen (N)

CHON

trace elements

small amounts of elements that are required in the body

includes- iron, calcium, sodium

atoms make up ______?

elements

define indivisible.

incapable of being divided

when do chemical reactions occur?

when atoms combine or dissociate from other atoms

electrons occupy energy levels called _______

electron shells

chemical bonds involves only interactions between …

the electrons in the outermost shells (valence shells)

atoms are ______ when the _________ is complete

stable, outermost shell

atoms with a full outermost shell are

inactive or inert; will not form chemical bonds with other atoms

shell 1 can hold a maximum of _________

2 electrons

shell 2 can hold a maximum of _________

8 electrons

what happens when the outermost shell is incomplete?

atoms will gain, share, or lose electrons

when do ionic bonds form?

when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

what forms from the loss or gain of electrons?

ions

atoms become stable through __________.

shared electrons

electrons are shared in ________.

pairs

protons are _________ charged

positively

neutrons are __________

uncharged, or neutral

*electrons are _________ charged

negatively

atoms are electrically ________

neutral

neutrons and protons are found in the

nucleus

the number of protons is ALWAYS equal to the number of _______.

electrons

positive and negative charges ______ eachother out

cancel

ions are atoms that have _____ or ______ electrons

lost, gained

what is found in the nucleus

protons and neutrons

what is found in the orbitals

the electrons

the ________ and their location will determine an atoms chemical behavior

electrons

the atomic number is equal to the number of ______ that the atoms contain

protons

what is the atomic mass

the sum of the protons and neutrons contained in an atoms nucleus

define isotopes

atoms of the same element that differ ATOMIC MASS but have the same atomic number

molecules are

2 or more atoms combined chemically

example of a chemical reaction resulting in a ______.

H(atom)+ H(atom) —> H2 (molecule)

molecule

compound

2 or more atoms of DIFFERENT ELEMENTS combined chemically to form a molecule

example of a chemical reaction resulting in a ______.

4H + C ——> CH4 (methane)

compound

define metabolism

total of ALL chemical reactions in the body

anabolic reactions

building/ synthesis

(A+B —> AB)

in anabolic reaction atoms or molecules ________.

combine

in anabolic reaction energy is ________.

absorbed

catabolic reaction

BREAKDOWN

(AB —> A+B)

in catabolic reaction molecule is _______.

broken down

in catabolic reaction energy is _________.

released

inorganic compounds lack ______.

carbon

inorganic compounds are

simple small molecules

inorganic compounds include:

water, salts, acids and bases

organic compounds contain ________.

carbon

organic compounds are

large molecules

organic compounds include

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids