NOT ok History 12/13

Settlers were in conflict with _ __ while moving west because…

Native Americans, they depended on Bison/Buffalo.

What was discovered in the Black Hills of South Dakota that brought more people west?

Gold

Devil's towers and mount rushmore

part of the black hills

Crazy Hourse

leader of the Cheyenne and led them during the battle of little bighorn

Sitting Bull

leader of the Sioux and also led during the battle of little bighorn

Colonel George Custer led the US troops at…

the battle of little bighorn

What was the battle of little bighorn?

In 1876, Indian leaders Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated Custer's troops who tried to force them back on to the reservation, Custer and all his men died

What was the battle of wounded knee?

last big battle in the west, Natives eventually lost to Custer, many were captured and put on reservations.

It took Americans years to settle Atlantic to the _.

250, Mississippi

It took ____ years to settle the west because of __ and __.

30, transportation and federally owned land

Railroad companies were given incentives by the government for a…..

transcontinental railroad

The Union Pacific started in and ran off .

Omana, Nebraska, ran off coal

The Central Pacific started in __ and was a steam engine that ran off , moving west.

California, wood

Race between the railroad companies was on _ paid land for land. Each state= ___ miles given, each territory= ____ miles given.

government, 10, 20

Where did the two railroads meet?

Promontory Point, Utah

Why was the first transcontinental curvy?

both companies wanted to take up as much track and lands as possible

What ceremony marked the completion of the railroads?

a golden spike was driven into the ground

When were the railroads completed?

May 10, 1869

Central Pacific Train

Jupiter

Union Pacific Train

119

The trains were supplied with and while in the process of building.

people, materials

A lot of the land in the midwest was sold to ___.

Europeans

The Central Pacific had a lot of and __ workers.

Chinese, Mexican American

The Union Pacific has many ___, ___, __, and workers.

African American, Irish, Civil War Veterans, Mexican Americans

Railroads could ____ or ______ land given by the government.

give, sell

What reasons brought people to settle in the Great Plains?

the homestead act, railroads, steel plow, mechanical reaper, barbed wire

What was the Homestead Act?

Gave settlers 160 free acres of land for a filing fee and agreeing to live on the land for 5 years

What did John Deere invent and what did it do?

the steel plow which would break through the unbroken soil of the midwest

What did Cryus McCormick invent and what did it do?

the mechanical reaper which would harvest crops quicker and more efficiently

What did Joseph Glidden invent and what did it do?

barbed wire which helped keep animals in and out of farms

In 1872, the __ volcano was set aside and eventually became…

Yellowstone, our first national park

Railroads had a monopoly over .

farming

Why did railroads hold a monopoly over farmers?

Farmers relied on the railroads based on their speed. They in turn controlled profits and owned silos for storage

Oliver Hudson Kelley started…

a farmers union known as the Grange

What did the Grange do?

helped educate farmers and enact legislation

Farmers helped start the __ movement.

Populist

Although the Populist never won any elections, their ideas…

are used in modern politics

Idea proposed by the Populist

direct election of US senators, single term for the US president, secret ballots, 8 hour work day

Ideas proposed by the Populist that were approved

direct election of US senators, secret ballots, and eventually approved the 8 hour work day

How long did official Reconstruction last?

1865-1877

Who proposed the 10% plan?

Abraham Lincoln

What was the 10% plan?

Lincoln's plan that said states could form a new government once 10 percent of the 1860 voters pledged their allegiance to the United States, and the Confederates would be punished for leaving the US

The __ _ opposed the 10% plan because they wanted harsher punishments to democrats.

radical republicans

Who led the Radical Republicans?

Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens

Who proposed the Wade-Davis Bill?

Benjamin Wade and Henry Davis

The Wade-Davis bill stated that…

congress would be in charge of reconstruction

Wade-Davis bill got passed in Congress but Lincoln pocket- it.

vetoed

Who became president after Lincoln was assassinated?

Andrew Johnson

Andrew Johnson is a former _ __ from ___.

slave owner, Tennessee

What did Andrew Johnson do to ensure new states government were loyal to the north?

divided the south into 5 parts and set up military districts in each part with northern generals in charge of each district

Why was the Freedmen's Bureau established in 1865?

to help former slaves and poor white people, to help with getting basic necessities of life for these millions of people who now need it

Civil Rights Act of 1866

the first moment in history that was going to allow African Americans equality in our country, would give African Americans citizenship and outlaw states from passing black codes

Congress overrode Johnson's veto in order to enact the ___'s __ and the ___ __ of 1866.

Freedmen's Bureau, Civil Rights Act of 1866

14th Amendment

makes all people born or naturalized in the US a citizen

In 1867, congress passes the ___ of __ __, which is a blatant move against the president.

Tenure of Office Act

What does the Tenure of Office Act say?

that the president can not remove a member of the cabinet during the during in which they had been appointed

Who did Andrew Johnson fire after the Tenure of Office Act?

Edwin Stanton

The House brought on ____ counts of impeachment, Johnson escaped being removed by one vote which is the closest any president has come from being removed from office.

11

Who was running for president in the 1868 election?

republicans-Ulysses S. Grant , democrats- Horatio Seymour

15th Amendment

no one can be kept from voting because of race, color or previous condition of servitude

By , all the confederate states had rejoined the union and were under union government.

1870

Life was difficult in the south, ___ of white men died in the south, the south was physically __ and a loss of ___.

1/5, destroyed, manpower

Scalawags were white southerners that….

joined the republican party for political advantages

Carpetbaggers

northern whites who moved to the south and served as republican leaders during reconstruction

Most African Americans joined the ____ ____.

Republican Party

The first thing former slaves wanted to do when they got off plantations was…

to find former family members and get an education

Unofficial _ with all-black schools and neighborhoods led to __ segregation.

segregation, official

Hiram Revels

the first African American US senator that represented Mississippi

Owners of plantations turned to former sources because crops still had to be collected.

labor

Sharecroppers

people who rent a plot of land from another person, and farm it in exchange for a share of the crop

Tenant Farmer

would rent land for cash in hopes to be able to get it back

In 1868, ____ Georgia legislators were expelled from office for being African American.

27

After the war, African Americans faced a lot of opposition.

overt

Numerous __ developed including the KKK that infiltrated the south.

secret societies

The KKK tried to keep African Americans out of __, and they were violent to families.

politics

The federal government tried to intervene with the KKK, but the supreme court ruled against the __.

enforcement act

1871 Enforcement Act

would put more troops in the south to watch over them because sheriffs weren't enough

As the country moved past the civil war…

whites were winning back the south and the north was going through economic disaster

Credit Mobilier Scandal

involved Schuyler Colfax, him and other politicians were taking bribes from the union pacific

Who was Schuyler Colfax?

Grant's vice president

In 1872, ___ ran for reelection and won.

Grant

In the first year of Grant's second term, the country went into an _ _ which was caused by…

economic panic, failure of railroads

Horace Greeley ran for president in 1872 against…..

Grant for the Liberal Republicans and the Democrats

Who is Orville Babcock?

Grant's personal secretary

Whiskey Ring Scandal

corruption case involving uncollected taxes and bribes among whiskey distillers.

Who was William Belknap?

secretary of war, one of Grant's cabinet members was impeached and then resigned

Scandal in Indian Territory

William Belknap was taking bribes from people who were supposed to be for indian Territory and selling them

People started referring to Grant's scandals as _.

Grantism's

U.S. vs. Cruikshank (1876)

the US supreme court said the 14th amendment does not give the government the right to punish whites that oppress blacks

U.S. vs. Reese (1876)

the 15th amendment did not give the right of suffrage to anyone

The 1876 election (centennial election) was the most…

controversial elections of all time.

Republican and Democratic nominee for the 1876 election?

Republican- Rutherford B. Hayes, Democrat- Samuel Tilden

____ votes were in dispute so…

20, a congressional committee was formed

Disputed votes were in…

Florida, South Carolina, Louisiana, Oregon

Democrats gave up presidency for in the Compromise of 1877 for…

federal troops removed from south, money given for a railroad from texas to the west coast, and Hayes has to have one southern conservative