Human Anatomy Lecture 1 Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental terms, methods, organ systems, directional terms, body planes, cavities, and imaging techniques from Human Anatomy Lecture 1.

Anatomy

Derived from 'to cut apart'; the study of bodily structure.

Situs solitus

The normal arrangement of internal organs seen in approximately 70% of people.

Situs inversus

The reversed position of internal organs.

Situs perversus

A condition where one organ is atypically positioned.

Inspection

A method of studying anatomy by looking at surface appearance.

Palpation

A method of studying anatomy by feeling a structure.

Auscultation

A method of studying anatomy by listening to normal sounds.

Percussion

A method of studying anatomy by tapping and listening to tissue density.

Dissection

A method of studying anatomy by cutting and separating tissues.

Physiology

Derived from 'study of nature'; the study of bodily function.

Chemical level

The nonliving structural level of organization consisting of atoms and molecules.

Cellular level

The structural level of organization where the cell is the smallest living unit and basic unit of life.

Tissue level

A group of similar cells with similar structure that perform a specific function.

Organ level

A structure with definite anatomical boundaries, visually distinguishable from adjacent organs, composed of two or more tissue types working together.

System level

Groups of related organs that work together toward a common function.

Organismal level

The highest level of structural organization, composed of all parts of an organism.

Integumentary System

Organ system providing external body covering, protection, and sensation.

Skeletal System

Organ system providing internal support and protection.

Muscular System

Organ system responsible for movement.

Lymphatic System

Organ system that returns fluid leaked from blood and provides immune defense.

Respiratory System

Organ system that exchanges gases ($O_2$ and $CO_2$) with the environment.

Digestive System

Organ system responsible for the breakdown and absorption of food, and elimination of undigestable food.

Nervous System

Fast-acting control system of the body.

Endocrine System

Organ system responsible for hormonal control, secreted by glands.

Cardiovascular System

Organ system that transports substances throughout the body via circulating blood.

Urinary System

Organ system that removes most metabolic wastes from the blood as urine.

Reproductive System

Organ system responsible for producing offspring.

Anatomical Position

Standard reference stance where the body is erect with palms and face forward.

Anterior / Ventral

Directional term meaning toward the front.

Posterior / Dorsal

Directional term meaning toward the back.

Superior

Directional term meaning above.

Inferior

Directional term meaning below.

Medial

Directional term meaning closer to the midline.

Lateral

Directional term meaning farther from the midline.

Proximal

Directional term meaning closer to the point of attachment.

Distal

Directional term meaning farther from the point of attachment.

Directional term meaning closer to the surface.

Deep

Directional term meaning farther from the surface.

Frontal plane

A vertical body plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions; also known as coronal plane.

Transverse plane

A horizontal body plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

Sagittal plane

A vertical body plane that divides the body into right and left portions.

Oblique plane

A diagonal plane positioned between vertical and horizontal.

Visceral layer

The inner layer of a two-layered serous membrane covering organs.

Parietal layer

The outer layer of a two-layered serous membrane lining cavity walls.

Radiology

The branch of medicine concerned with imaging.

Radiography

Imaging technique involving X-rays or radiographs.

Computed Tomography (CT scan)

Imaging technique utilizing cross-section X-rays, formerly known as CAT scan.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Imaging technique used specifically for soft tissue visualization.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Nuclear medicine imaging technique using gamma ray detection and radioisotopes.

Sonography

Imaging technique based on the reflection of ultrasound waves.