Digital Imaging Quiz 2

The main purpose of the x-ray developer is to

a. clear away the unexposed, underdeveloped silver halide crystals

b. convert the exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver

c. reduce the unexposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver

d. swell and soften the emulsion

b. convert the exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver

The main purpose of the x-ray fixer is to

a. clear away the unexposed, underdeveloped silver halide crystals

b. convert the exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver

c. reduce the unexposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver

d. swell and soften the emulsion

a. clear aways the unexposed, underdeveloped silver halide crystals

A safelight illumination test was performed in the darkroom. On processing the film you see various gradations of blackness on your film. The area exposed for the longest period of time is

a. green

b. clear

c. slightly gray

d. darkest

d. darkest

After you manually process a film, you notice that there is a green area of about 1/2 inch along one narrow edge of the film. That is due to the area not being

a. developed

b. fixed

c. developed or fixed

d. exposed to radiaton

c. developed or fixed

You are looking at a film that is totally clear except for a bit of black that you noticed along the edges. your film has not been

a. developed

b. fixed

c. developed or fixed

d. exposed to radiation

d. exposed to radiation

The remaining silver halide crystals from exposed x-ray film are removed in the

a. fixer

b. developer

c. wash water

d. storage envelope

a. fixer

A crease in the film after exposure but before processing will likely appear as a

a. black crescent mark

b. white crescent mark

c. clear crescent mark

d. diffuse grayish black area

a. black crescent mark

Safelight fogging on a radiograph appears as a

a. black mark

b. white mark

c. clear mark

d. diffuse grayish area

d. diffuse grayish area

The pH of the fixer chemicals is

a. strongly alkaline

b. neutral

c. acidic

d. slightly alkaline

c. acidic

The ideal temperature of the chemicals for manual radiograph processing is

a. 68 degrees F

b. 75 degrees F

c. 39 degrees F

d. 25 degrees F

a. 68 degrees F

A black "tree" pattern artifact on the film is caused by

a. static electrical charge

b. chemical splash

c. dirt in the cassette

d. bending the film

a. static electrical charge

All artifacts appear as clear or white marks on film except

a. scratches in film emulsion

b. hair in the cassette

c. contrast media on the table

d. crimping or folding of the film

d. crimping or folding of the film

When discerning the possible source of artifacts on film, a veterinary technician might attribute a yellowing of radiographic films to

a. a light leak

b. incomplete washing of processing chemicals

c. grid out of focal range

d. pitted anode

b. incomplete washing of processing chemicals

A good layout of a darkroom should include dry-bench and wet-bench areas separate from each other. Select the area where each task should be performed from the two choices given. Loading and unloading cassettes

a. wet bench

b. dry bench

b. dry bench

A good layout of a darkroom should include dry-bench and wet-bench areas separate from each other. Select the area where each task should be performed from the two choices given. Drying washed films.

a. wet bench

b. dry bench

a. wet bench

A good layout of a darkroom should include dry-bench and wet-bench areas separate from each other. Select the area where each task should be performed from the two choices given. Film storage

a. wet bench

b. dry bench

b. dry bench

A good layout of a darkroom should include dry-bench and wet-bench areas separate from each other. Select the area where each task should be performed from the two choices given. Film processing

a. wet bench

b. dry bench

a. wet bench

How do low-grade light leaks in the darkroom affect film quality?

a. they have no effect on the film quality

b. they increase film quality by decreasing scatter radiation

c. they decrease film quality by increasing overall fog of the film

d. they decrease film quality by decreasing radiographic density

c. they decrease film quality by increasing overall fog of the film

What is the total time the film should be placed in the fixer?

a. two times the developing time

b. three times the developing time

c. the same as the developing time

d. 30 seconds

a. two times the developing time

A radiographic film of a dog's thorax is made. What occurs when the film is placed in the developer?

a. the sensitized silver halide crystals are changed to black metallic silver

b. the potassium bromide crystals are changed into black metallic silver

c. the silver halide crystals are cleared from the film

d. all of the silver halide crystals are changed into black metallic silver

a. the sensitized silver halide crystals are changed to black metallic silver

The temperature of the darkroom should be ________; the humidity should be _________.

a. 40 F (4 C), 40%-60%

b. 60 F (15.5 C), 50%-70%

c. 68 F (20 C), 40%- 60%

d. 75 F (24 C), 50%-70%

c. 68 F (20 C), 40%-60%

Films should be stored

a. in a metal film bin out of the way of scattered radiation

b. in the darkroom, on shelves, and lying flat

c. in the x-ray room in a plastic film bin in a far corner

d. in the x-ray room on shelves, in an upright position

a. in a metal film bin out of the way of scattered radiation

The darkroom should be painted using _______. The safelight should be mounted ______ feet (______ meters) above the counter.

a. black absorbing paint, 6, 1.82

b. dark, light-absorbing paint, 4, 1.22

c. light reflective paint, 4, 1.22

d. light reflective paint, 6, 1.82

c. light reflective paint, 4, 1.22

The information on the ID label must include which of the following?

a. clinic address, date, and time of examination

b. patients name, clinic address, and date

c. patients name, clinic name, location of clinic, date, id#

d. patients name, clinic name, and right or left view

c. patients name, clinic name, location of clinic, date, id#

Processing a film requires four separate steps. Which of the following lists the correct order?

a. develop, fix, wash, dry

b. develop, wash, fix, dry

c. fix, develop, wash, dry

d. wash, develop, fix, dry

a. develop, fix, wash, dry

The two main components of the developer are

a. hydroquinone and phenidone

b. hydroquinone and sodium carbonate

c. phenidone and potassium bromide

d. sodium sulfite and sodium carbonate

a. hydroquinone and phenidone

The purpose of the developer is to

a. alter the chemical makeup of the film to accept the fixer

b. reduce the potassium bromide in the film to metallic bromide

c. reduce the silver halide in the film base to metallic silver

d. reduce the silver halide in the film emulsion to metallic silver

d. reduce the silver halide in the film emulsion to metallic silver

A second purpose of the developer is to

a. amplify the amount of metallic silver on the film

b. decrease the amount of silver left on the base

c. increase the number of silver atoms in each sensitivity speck

d. reduce the number of silver halide atoms to enhance the image

a. amplify the amount of metallic silver on the film

One of the components of the developer is to reduce its activity, this is

a. potassium bromide

b. sodium carbonate

c. sodium sulfite

d. water

a. potassium bromide

The main function of the hydroquinone is to

a. build up the blacks and enhance the contrast

b. slowly build up grays to enhance contrast

c. start to work immediately to build up the blacks in the image

d. steadily enhance the gray tones of the image

a. build up the blacks and enhance the contrast

The main function of the fixer is to

a. fix the contrast problems left by the developer

b. harden the image and fix it to the base

c. remove the unexposed silver halide from the film base

d. solidify the image to the base

c. remove the unexposed silver halide from the film base

The main component of the fixer is

a. acetic acid

b. aluminum sulfate

c. ammonium thiosulfate

d.chrom alum

c. ammonium thiosulfate

Developer is chemically _______; fixer is highly ______.

a. acidic, alkaline

b. alkaline, acidic

c. alkaline, neutral

d. neutral, acidic

b. alkaline, acidic

The main purpose of the wash water is to

a. remove the leftover chemicals from the film to preserve archival quality

b. remove the soapy residue of the precipitate from the fixer

c. stop the developer from developing the unexposed silver halides

d. stop the fixer from removing the image from the film

a. remove the leftover chemicals from the film to preserve archival quality

Drying should remove about ___________ of the moisture from the film.

a. 60-70%

b. 70-80%

c. 85-90%

d. 90-100%

c. 85-90%

Two of the systems of the automatic processor are _____ and _____.

a. cooling anode, replenishment

b. replenishment, recirculation

c. thermostat, heating coils

d. transport, cooling system

b. replenishment, recirculation

Every time a roller comes into contact with the film emulsion

a. it has the potential to imprint an artifact on the image

b. it has the potential to stop the film from developing

c. it is started and stopped by the action of the film

d. the roller assists the fixer to fix the image on the film

a. it has the potential to imprint an artifact on the image

Once the film is placed on the feed tray and enters the rollers.

a. it is affecting the replenishment, so it must not be drawn back

b. it must not be drawn back onto the feed tray

c. it will enter the fixer and must not be pulled back

d. the developer will arrest the motion of the film so it will be fixed

b. it must not be drawn back onto the feed tray

The transport system of the processor

a. carries the films through the tanks by a series of rollers and gears

b. slides the film along the rollers using the guide shoes to bend it

c. transports the chemicals to the developer tanks by means of pumps

d. transports the replenisher into the processor without any air gaps

a. carries the films through the tanks by a series of rollers and gears

Inadequate washing using the wet tank x-ray film developing system results in _______/___________ sulfiding stains on x-ray film.

a. yellow/black

b. yellow/gray

c. yellow/brown

d. clear/brown

c. yellow/brown

The most typical silver recovery unit in a veterinary clinic is the

a. copper replacement model

b. electrolytic model

c. ionic attachment model

d. metallic replacement model

d. metallic replacement model

A test to determine whether the silver recovery unit needs to be replaced is

a. checking the inside of the unit for fixer precipitate and smelling the outflow

b. checking the inside of the unit for metallic silver and absence of steel wool

c. placing a 5 cent piece in the outflow, which will polish the nickel

d. placing a copper penny in the outflow the penny will turn silver

d. placing a copper penny in the outflow the penny will turn silver

A large percentage of artifacts are caused by processing the film for which of the following reasons?

a. most of them are caused by rough handling

b. most of them are caused in the developer tank

c. mostly they arise in the darkroom prior to processing

d the majority are caused by incorrect concentration of chemicals

b. most of them are caused in the developer tank

Dichroic fog is caused by

a. developer contaminating the fixer

b. fixer leaking back into the developer

c. fixer leaking into the wash water

d. wash water staining the films after drying

b. fixer leaking back into the developer

Pi lines are caused in the processor by a loose or worn gear. They are:

a. called this because the separation of the artifact is the circumference of the rollers

b. named after the art of pi, they compromise the image

c. usually minus density lines at random intervals along the film

d. usually plus density artifacts along the edges of the film

a. called this because the separation of the artifact is the circumference of the rollers

Developer under replenishment causes the film

a. to appear as if it had been smeared with chemicals after its as processed

b. to have a gray, washed-out appearance duet exhaustion of hydroquinone

c. to have a gray, washed-out appearance due to exhaustion of phenidone

d. to look very colorful under reflected light with green and blue colors

b. to have a gray, washed-out appearance duet exhaustion of hydroquinone

Overheating the developer will cause it to ______ and turn ______

a. exhaust quickly, dark brown

b. exhaust quickly, light yellow

c. remain stable, dull gold

d. remain stable, light yellow

a. exhaust quickly, dark brown

If the fixer is over concentrated, it will

a. precipitate onto the tank and cause grainy images

b. precipitate out onto the gears and rollers

c. remain in solution and enhance the contrast

d. remain in solution and fix faster

b. precipitate out onto the gears and rollers

Crease artifacts on the film are the result of

a. incorrect handling before or after exposure

b. incorrect placement of the film on the feed tray

c. not maintaining good darkroom cleanliness

d. static electricity affecting the film transport

a. incorrect handling before or after exposure

What is the minimum distance in feed that a safelight in the darkroom should be away from the work site?

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

c. 4

If using both blue and green sensitive films, what type of safelight should you use?

a. amber

b. blue

c. green

d. red

d. red

You notice that there is a clear line at the top of the shorter edge of a radiograph that you have manually processed. This is due to the area not being

a. developed

b. fixed

c. developed or fixed

d. collimated

a. developed

You have a film in front of you that has a relatively clear edge all the way around the radiograph. This is because of

a. a light leak

b. collimation

c. not being developed or fixed

d. overexposure to radiation

b. collimation

Which of the following would cause the image on a processed x-ray film to be fogged?

a. two films in the same cassette

b. kVp too low

c. film stored in an area of high room temperature

d. focal-film distance too long

c. film stored in an area of high room temperature

What should the maximum intensity of the bulb in a safelight in developing rooms?

a. 2.5 watts

b. 7.5 watts

c. 15 watts

d. 60 watts

c. 15 watts

A bullet fragment on a film appears as a

a. black mark

b. diffuse greenish gray area

c. clear mark

d. white mark

d. white mark

Which of the following is a false statement regarding film storage?

a. boxes should be stored flat, in a horizontal position

b. film should be away from chemicals and sources of ionizing radiation

c. storage areas should be cool, 10 C to 15 C

d. storage areas should have a relative humidity of 40 to 60 percent

a. boxes should be stored flat, in a horizontal position

An x-ray film exposed to visible light and developed would appear

a. white

b. black

c. green

d. clear

b. black

An x-ray film accidentally developed before exposure to radiation appears a

a. white

b. black

c. green

d. clear

d. clear

A new x-ray film taken directly from the box appears

a. white

b. black

c. green

d. clear

c. green

Heavy lines on a processed radiograph are most likely due to

a. too high kVp

b. light leaking into the cassette

c. roller marks from an automatic processor

d. too low mA

c. roller marks from an automatic processor

All are true statements regarding fast film, except

a. has large silver halide crystals

b. requires more exposure by x-rays

c. produces a grainier image that lacks definition

d. has less latitude in exposure factors

b. requires more exposure by x-rays

If cracks are present in protective apparel, they appear______ when radiographed

a. gray

b. white

c. black

d. clear

c. black

If the finished radiograph has white splotches on it, the most likely cause is

a. motion

b. spots of fixer on the film

c. gridlines

d. static electricity

b. spots of fixer on the film

Clear edges on a finished radiograph may be caused by

a. a misaligned Bucky tray

b. motion

c. a light leak in the cassette

d. gridlines

a. a misaligned bucky tray

A radiographic film of a dogs thorax is made. What occurs when the film is placed in the developer?

a. the sensitized silver halide crystals are changed into black metallic silver

b. the potassium bromide crystals are changed into black metallic silver

c. the silver halide crystals are cleared from the film

d. all of the silver halide crystals are changed into black metallic silver

a. the sensitized silver halide crystals are changed into black metallic silver

When manually processing films, there are two methods for maintaining the tanks: the exhausted method and the replenishing method. Match the method with he statement given.

Allows chemicals to drain from the black into their respective tanks

a. exhausted method

b. repleneshing method

a. exhausted method

When manually processing films, there are two methods for maintaining the tanks: the exhausted method and the replenishing method. Match the method with he statement given

This method allows chemicals to drain into the wash tank only

a. exhausted method

b. repleneshing method

b. repleneshing method

When manually processing films, there are two methods for maintaining the tanks: the exhausted method and the replenishing method. Match the method with he statement given

Periodically, chemicals are added to bring chemical levels back up to the top of the tanks

a. exhausted method

b. repleneshing method

b. repleneshing method

How often should the manual processing tanks be drained and cleaned and old chemicals replaced with fresh chemicals?

a. once a day

b. once a week

c. at least every 3 months

d. once a year

c. at least every 3 months

What would happen if exposed film were accidentally placed in the fixer before being placed in the developer?

a. the radiographic film turns black

b. the radiographic film becomes clear

c. if the mistake is detected soon enough, the the image can be spared

d. the radiographic film appears underexposed

b. the radiographic film becomes clear

The pH of the developer chemicals is

a. strongly acidic

b. neutral

c. alkaline

d. slightly acidic

c. alkaline

A radiographic film of a cats thorax is made. When viewing the film, you note a decrease in radiographic density and a gray swirly appearance of the background. What caused this problem

a. processing chemicals were too hot

b. film was not left in the fixer long enough

c. processing chemicals were too cold

d. film was not washed for 30 min after processing

c. processing chemicals were too cold

Radiographic films made 5 years earlier have turned brown. What was the cause

a. too long in the developer

b. too long in the fixer

c. incomplete development

d. incomplete final wash

d. incomplete final wash

When using a direct safelight system, the distance from the workbench should be at least

a. 20 in

b. 30 in

c. 48 in

d. 72in

c. 48 in

Lateral and ventrodorsal projections of a dogs abdomen are made and manually processed at the same time. However, both radiographic films have identical areas of decreased radiographic density that appear to be artifacts. What could have caused this artifact on both films?

a. they stuck together in the fixer

b. they stuck together in the developer

c. they stuck together in the wash tank

d. they were overexposed

b. they stuck together in the developer

What is a latent image

a. an image on the film after processing

b. calcium tungstate crystals in the films emulsion that have been exposed to radiant energy before processing

c. silver halide crystals in the films emulsion that have been exposed to radiant energy before processing

d. an image on the film before exposure

c. silver halide crystals in the films emulsion that have been exposed to radiant energy before processing

Some direct exposure film cannot be processed in an automatic processor because

a. it tends to scratch too easily

b. the emulsion is too thick

c. it cannot tolerate high temperatures

d. it is too sensitive to safelights

b. the emulsion is too thick

High speed film has

a. larger silver halide crystals than slow speed film, which increase the detail on the finished radiographic film

b. larger silver halide crystals than slow speed film, which decreases the detail on the finished radiographic film

c. smaller silver halide crystals than slow speed film, which increase the detail on the finished radiographic film

d. the same size silver halide crystals as slow speed film

b. larger silver halide crystals than slow speed film, which decreases the detail on the finished radiographic film

Long latitude film

a. produces a short scale of contrast

b. produces a long scale of contrast

c. has large calcium tungstate crystals

d. cannot be processed manually

b. produces a long scale of contrast

Which statement concerning film storage and handling is least accurate?

a. unexposed film should be stored in a cool, dry place

b. a base fog can occur if films stored in adverse conditions

c. film should be stored in boxes stacked on end, not flat on their sides

d. strong chemical fumes have no effect on unexposed film

d. strong chemical fumes have no effect on unexposed film

Radiographic film must be permanently labeled. Which of the following does not need to appear as part of the permanent identification on a radiographic id on a radiographic film?

a. clinics name

b. owners name

c. patients date of birth

d. owners telephone number

d. owners telephone number

Calcium tungstate in the intensifying screens of an X-ray cassette emits what color of light when bombarded by an x-ray beam?

a. red

b. blue

c. green

d. yellow

b. blue

A light leak in the darkroom produces a type of artifact on the final radiographic film. The image will appear

a. light

b. fogged, with a dark cast

c. markedly contrasted

d. underdeveloped

b. fogged, with a dark cast

What is the most common color of the safelight used in a darkroom for processing blue-light-sensitive film?

a. dark red

b. brown

c. dark green

d. blue

b. brown

What is the most common filter color of the safelight used in the darkroom for processing green-light sensitive film?

a. brown

b. dark red

c. blue

d. dark green

b. dark red

What can be done to prevent processed x-ray film from turning yellow over time?

a. increase the initial exposure time

b. make sure the film is fixed properly

c. decrease the developing time

d. use quality x-ray film only

b. make sure the film is fixed properly

Fog on the unexposed area of a processed radiographic film indicates

a. overexposure

b. underexposure

c. no exposure

d. exposure to extraneous light

d. exposure to extraneous light

What is a common cause for streaks and stains on the film from an automatic film processor?

a. not enough time in the fix

b. not enough wash

c. oversupply of developer

d. dirty rollers

d. dirty rollers