Civ Arts Exam 2

baldacchino

pillared area around the altar in the large cathedral or bascillica

baroque

uses any curved lines and shapes

chiaroscuro

use of contrasting light and shadow in painting

fleur-de-lis

a stylized lily or iris from European heraldry that is a symbol of France

French baroque

high baroque style of France in the 17th century that evidence opulence and grandeur along with some classical restraint

grotto

a small picturesque cave (generally man made) often used as a tomb

piazza

an open square, especially in Italy

rouge de rance

a red limestone from the region of Rance, popularized by King Louis XIV

Solomonic column

a helical column with a spiraling or twisted appearance, named after columns of King Soloman’s temple

sun god

name Louis XIV gave himself, included representing himself with images of the sun

theater box

small separated area of seating in a theater for a group of people to watch the performance privately

bronze/gilt bronze

a yellowish-brown alloy of copper with up to one third tin; gilt bronze has a thin film of gold applied over the bronze to suggest the appearance of solid gold

chiaroscuro

use of light and shadow in painting

pyramid configuration

fugures within the outline of an imaginary triangle or pyramid on the picture plane (Jesus in the last supper)

quatrefoil

an art shape that seems to outline or contain four leaves

renaissance art

14-16 century, embraced a new awareness of nature, a revival of classical learning, and a more individualistic view of man

rilievo schiachiatto

type of very low relief that is described as painting with a chisel 

sfumato

a type of painting using thin glazes to create a sort of smoky effect

stucco relief

stucco is an aggregate of crushed stone, similar to plaster, that is applied over another rigid surface; when wet it could be molded or shaped into decorative figures

veneer

a layer of finish quality stone (or other materials) applied over a less attractive and generally less expensive structural material

polyphonic

a section or piece of music with more than one independent melodic voice or line

monophonic

a type of music that has only one part (voice) performed by one or more persons

homophonic

a section or piece of music in which the lines or voices move in the same rhythm simultaneously 

imitative entry

in polyphonic music, the use of a particular melodic phrase in the various lines at different times; the same melodic beginning in each voice in succession

paired voices

in polyphony of more than two voices (lines) the use of two of the lines together as a single unit

chordal

the vertical structure of music creating chords (identifiable sonic structures), as opposed to the linear structure of music creating melodies

harmony

the chordal part of music

melismatic

vocal music that has many notes to one syllable of text

melody

the linear structure of music found in an individual part; the tune

overtones

higher tones that are part of a lower pitch, sometimes called partials

syllabic

vocal music in which each syllable of text has one note of music

tablature

type of musical notation for instrumental music that shows placement of fingers on an instrument; a present-day system may be seen in guitar charts 

timbre

the tonal quality of different types of instruments

tuning

the adoption of specific pitch (frequency of sound waves) such as A=440 Hz (Hertz)