Radiology: Bone

Idiopathic Osteosclerosis/Enostosis:

• unknown origin

• area of dense bone island

• can see PDL space/lamina dura

Exostoses:

• outgrowth of bone

• palatal tori

• mandibular tori

Exostoses

Buccal Exostoses

Mandibular Tori

Large bone marrow space

Nutrient canals

Crestal Bone

Anterior crestal bone:

• comes to a narrower point as compared to the posterior

Sinus Pneumatization:

• floor of the sinus is dense cortical bone

• position can change

Sinus septation:

• bony wall within the sinus

• usually partially divided

Rarefying Osteitis

Condensing (Sclerosing) Osteitis:

• lucent zone at apex

• zone of sclerosis (increased density)

• inflammatory reaction

Osteomyelitis:

• inflammatory process in the bone

• chronic

Medication-Related Ostenecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ):

• non-healing bone

• related to medications like bisphosphates (osteoporosis & cancer metastases)

• IV doses

Periosteal bone formation:

• periosteum outer cover of bone

• when cortical bone reacts to an insult

• infection, tumor medication can cause it

Halo Effect into the sinus

Periosteal reaction

Periapical Scars/Fibrous Scars:

• reparative response

• healing that fills with fibrous tissue instead of bone

• well defined lucent area within the bone

• RCT looks adequate

• appearance doesn’t change over time

• healthy bone around it

Osteopenia:

• loss of normal trabecular pattern

• grainy appearance

• thinning of inferior border

Extraction Socket

Extraction Socket

Socket Preservation:

• bone graft - fill with bone prior to implant placement

• shorter trabeculation

Implants:

• replacing a missing tooth/teeth

• titanium or similar makeup

• integrates into the bone - crucial to survival of the implant

Implant: Poor Integration:

• bone loss around the implant margin

• peri-implantitis

Malpositioned Implants

Malpositioned Implants

Salivary Gland

Salivary Gland Defect

Submandibular gland

Submandibular gland/fossa

Parotid gland

Anterior Mandibular Lingual Bone Depression

Submandibular 

Sinus Septation

Buccal Exostoses

Idiopathic Osteosclerosis/Enostosis