population density

is the pattern of human settlement- the spread of people across the earth. Representing it on a map highlights places that are crowed, sparsely settled, or even empty.

population density

is a measure of the population per square mile or kilometer of an area . It measures how a place is.

Midlatitudes

a region between 30-60 degrees. Moderate climates. Better soils.

social stratification

the hierarchical division of people into groups based on factors such as economic status, power, and/or ethnicity.

arithmetic population density

Most commonly used population density, calculated by dividing a regions population by it’s total area.

physiological population density

calculated by dividing population by the amount of arable land.

Arable

land suitable for growing crops

agriculture population density

compares the number of farmers to the area of arable land.

redistricting

The drawing of new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes

infrastructure

refers to the facilities and structures that allow people to carry out their typical activities.

overpopulation

having more people than the region can support

carrying capacity

the number of people a region can support without damaging the environment

population pyramid

age sex composition graph. Only based on age and gender data , provide info on birth rates, death rates, how long people live an average, and economic development.

cohorts

the vertical axis show as groups. often listed in the middle but sometimes on the left for male and for female on the right.

Birth defect

slow down of births during a conflict or economic hardship

Baby bloom

Once peace resumes the birth rate often spikes.

Baby bust

Once the spike of babies are born ends, birth rates are lower for a number of years.

Echo

when the baby boomers have children of their own, leading to an increase in births following a previous deficit.

potential workforce

the group expected to be society’s labor force.

dependent population

anyone whos under 15 or over 65, is too young to work or too old to work full time are assumed to rely on the economically active workforce to keep society running.

dependent ratio

the comparison of the working force population to the non working dependents.

demographic balancing equation

to describe future populations of a region of any scale. (future population = current population + (number of births- number of deaths) + (number of immigrants - number of emigrants)

Immigrants

people who moved into a county

emigrants

people who moved out of the country

Crude birth rate

the number of live births per year for each 1000 people

total fertility rate

focuses on women in their childbearing years of ages of 15-49. IS the average number of children who would be born per women of that group in a country.

Life expectancy

the average number of years people live.

Infant mortality rate

the number of children who die before their first birthday.

Crude death rate

the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society.

rate of natural increase

the percentage at which a country’s population is growing or declining without the impact of migration.

population doubling time

for any quantity growing exponentially, the time it takes to double in size

demographic transition model

shows five typical stages of population change that countries experience as they modernize

demographic momentum

the tendency for a population to keep growing or shrinking even after birth rates change

epidemiological transition model

this model is an extension of the demographic transition model and explains the changing death rates and more common causes of death within societies.

malthusian theory

argues that global population grows much faster than the food supply, which will eventually lead to catastrophic famine and societal collapse.

Boserup theory

the more people there is the more hands are for work rather than more mouths to feed. More population pressures the existing agricultural system which stimulates inventions.

Neo Malthusians

People who still believe in Malthusian Theory (starvation) argue population growth is a serious problem.

anti natalist policies

these policies attempt to decrease the number of births of a country and are often used by developing counties.

pronatalist policies

programs designed to increase the fertility rate.