Lecture on Oral Anatomy & Histology

This set of flashcards covers key concepts and terminology related to oral anatomy and histology, focusing on the blood supply and innervation of the head and neck.

Common carotid artery

Arises from the aorta and subdivides into the internal and external carotid arteries.

Internal carotid artery

Supplies blood to the brain and eyes.

External carotid artery

Provides the major blood supply to the face and mouth.

Facial artery

Branch of the external carotid artery supplying pharyngeal muscles, soft palate, tonsils, posterior tongue, and muscles of the face.

Lingual artery

Supplies the tongue, floor of the mouth, and portion of the soft palate.

Maxillary artery

Divides into several branches including inferior alveolar and pterygoid.

Inferior alveolar artery

Supplies blood to the mandible and mandibular teeth.

Trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V)

The primary source of innervation for the oral cavity, subdivided into ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions.

Lingual nerve

Supplies the anterior two thirds of the tongue.

Facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)

Mixed nerve controlling facial expression and taste, damage causes sagging facial muscles.

Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve

Supplies roots of the maxillary molars and branches to the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus.

Nasopalatine nerve

Passes through the incisive foramen and supplies mucoperiosteum palatal to the maxillary anterior teeth.

Maxillary anesthesia

Local anesthesia techniques differ in the maxilla due to its porous bone structure.

Mental nerve

Exits through the mental foramen, supplying the chin and mucous membrane of the lower lip.

Block anesthesia

Anesthetic solution injected near a major nerve to numb the entire area it serves.

Periodontal ligament injection

Injection of anesthetic under pressure directly into the periodontal ligament.

Cranial nerves

There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves connected to the brain serving sensory and motor functions.

Subclavian vein

Major vein draining blood from the upper body into the heart.

Inferior alveolar nerve block

Common technique for anesthesia of the mandibular teeth.

Vazirani-Akinosi mandibular block

A unique technique for administering mandibular anesthesia.

Injection techniques

Includes local infiltration, field block, and nerve block depending on the area to be anesthetized.