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sustainability
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Smart-growth policies
Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland.
New urban design
A movement in urban planning to promote mixed use commercial and residential development and pedestrian friendly, community orientated cities.
Mixed-use neighborhoods
Zoning that has a mix of homes and businesses with a variety of sizes and price ranges.
Urban infill
development that occurs on vacant or remnant lands passed over by previous development
Transit-oriented development (TOD)
attempts to focus dense residential and retail development around stops for public transportation, giving people convenient alternatives to driving
livability
All the characteristics of a community that contribute to the quality of life of the people who live there
Quantitative data
Data associated with mathematical models and statistical techniques used to analyze spatial location and association.
Population composition
Structure of population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education
Census tracts
contiguous geographic regions that function as the building blocks of a census
Census block
a densely populated urban area that may be small and consists of a single block bounded by four streets
Qualitative data
data based primarily on surveys, field studies, photos, video, and interviews from people who provide personal perceptions
Redlining
a discriminatory practice by which banks, insurance companies, etc., refuse or limit loans, mortgages, insurance, etc., within specific geographic areas, especially inner-city neighborhoods.
Racial segregation
the separation of people based on their race/ethnicity
blockbusting
Illegal practice of inducing homeowners to sell their properties by telling them that a certain people of a certain race, national origin or religion are moving into the area
ghettos
areas of poverty occupied by a minority group as a result of discrimination
Inclusionary zoning
zoning regulations that create incentives or requirements for affordable housing development
Scattered site
Publicly funded low-income housing units scattered throughout middle-income residential areas.
Urban renewal
rebuilding of the poor areas of a city
Eminent domain
Power of a government to take private property for public use.
gentrification
A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area.
Informal settlements
densely populated areas built without coordinated planning and without sufficient public services for electricity, water, and sewage
Land tenure
refers to the way land is owned and distributed in a region
Zones of abandonment
Areas that no longer have value to investors and are abandoned by businesses
Environmental injustice
the unequal distribution of environmental hazards based on racial or socioeconomic status
Environmental racism
patterns of development that expose poor people, especially minorities, to environmental hazards
Gated communities
fenced-in neighborhoods with controlled access gates for people and automobiles
Urban canyons
streets lined with tall buildings that prevent natural sunlight from reaching the ground
Urban heat islands
Result of concentrated masses of buildings and concrete and asphalt paving that absorb more heat than grass and fields in the countryside.
Urban wildlife
Animals that thrive in cities but they can spread diseases and be a nuisance to people. Ex: rats, pigeons, raccoons
Rush hour
the times at the beginning and end of the working day when many people are traveling to or from work
Suburban sprawl
unplanned development by many different entities, often as part of urban outgrowth
Ecological footprint
A measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in area of land
brownfield
abandoned industrial sites
Urban redevelopment
the process of renovating an area of a city, often by completely destroying dilapidated structures and rebuilding on the site
