Obstetrics & Neonatology (CH9)

cervical cerclage

suturing the cervix closed to prevent dilation and premature delivery

cesarean section (CS, or c-section)

birth of a fetus through incision in the mothers abdomen

in vitro fertilization

method of fertilizing human ova outside of the body and placing a zygote in the uterus; used in cases of infertility

nuchal translucency screening

ultrasound test to check the back of the fetal neck for extra fluid or thickening. Done at 11-13 weeks. May reveal risk of DS or other congenital abnormalities

quad screen

blood test determined during the second trimester measuring four hormone levels that can reveal increased risk for certain disorders

Apgar score

system for rapid neonatal assessment 1-5 min after birth, five vital criteria assessed and score of 7-10 is normal

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

prenatal tests where sample of blood supply is taken from placenta through abdominal wall or vagina. There is a small risk of miscarriage

colostrum

thin, milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and first days after birth

lochia

vaginal discharge after childbirth

quickening

first feeling of movement of fetus in utero by pregnant woman

midwife

a person who practices midwifery

midwifery

practice of assisting in childbirth

obstetrics (OB)

medical specialty pertaining to pregnancy, childbirth, & puerperium

obstetrician

physician specializing in obstetrics

breech presentation

a fetal position where the buttocks, feet, or knees emerge first

cephalic presentation

a fetal position where the head emerges first; this is most common

in vitro

in lab

in vivo

in the body

lactation

secretion of milk

parturition

the act of giving birth

puerperium

the period from delivery to the time when the reproductive organs return to normal

congenital anomaly

abnormality present at birth

meconium

first stool of the newborn

gavage

process of feeding through a tube; critically ill newborns need to do this

premature infant

infant born before completing 37 weeks of gestation

stillborn

born dead

VBAC

vaginal birth after cesarean section

multip

multipara

primip

primipara

amni/o, amnion/o

amnion, amniotic fluid

chori/o

chorion

fet/i, fet/o

fetus, unborn offspring

gravid/o

pregnancy

lact/o

milk

nat/o

birth

omphal/o

umbilicus, navel

par/o, part/o

bear, give birth to, labor, childbirth

puerper/o

childbirth

prim/i

first

pseud/o

false

pylor/o

pylorus, pyloric sphincter

terat/o

malformations

trache/o

trachea

ante-

before

intra-

within

micro-

small

multi-

many

neo-

new

nulli-

none

post-

after

pre-

before

-amnios

amnion, amniotic fluid (suffix)

-centesis

surgical procedure to aspirate fluid

-cyesis

pregnancy

-gen

substance that produces or causes

-genic

producing, causing

-rrhexis

rupture

-tocia

birth, labor

abortion (AB)

termination of pregnancy by expulsion from the uterus of an embryo or fetus, usually before 20 weeks

abruptio placentae

premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

eclampsia

severe complication and progression of preeclampsia characterized by convulsion

ectopic pregnancy

pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tubes

placenta previa

abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall, completely or partially covering the cervix

preeclampsia

abnormal condition during pregnancy or shortly after delivery characterized by HTN and proteinuria

cleft lip or palate

congenital split of the lip or roof of the mouth

coarctation of the aorta

congenital stenosis that occurs in the arch of the aorta

congenital cytomegalovirus infection (CMV)

herpes type virus that crosses the placenta

congenital heart disease

heart abnormality present at birth

down syndrome

genetic condition caused by chromosomal abnormality (also known as trisomy 21)

erythroblastosis fetalis

condition of newborn of hemolysis of erythrocytes

esophageal atresia

congenital absence of part of the esophagus

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

a condition in a child resulting from alcohol exposure during gestation, characterized by growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and central nervous system dysfunction

gastroschisis

congenital fissure of the abdominal wall that is not at the umbilicus

respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

respiratory complication in the newborn, especially in premature infants

spina bifida

congenital defect in the cerebral column caused by failure of vertebral arch to close

gamete

mature germ cell, either sperm or ovum

conception

beginning of pregnancy, when sperm enters ovum

zygote

cell formed by the union of sperm and the ovum

embryo

unborn offspring in stage from implantation of zygote to the end of the 8th week of pregnancy

fetus

unborn offspring from start of 9th week of pregnancy until birth

gestation

development of new individual from conception to birth

gestational period

duration of pregnancy; typically 38-42 weeks

implantation

embedding of zygote into the uterine lining

placenta

structure that grows on wall of uterus during pregnancy and allows for nourishment of the fetus

amniotic sac

membranous bag that surrounds the fetus before delivery

chorion

outermost layer of the fetal membrane

amnion

innermost layer of the fetal membrane

amniotic fluid

fluid within the amniotic sac, which surrounds the fetus

umbilicus

navel (belly button); marks site of attachment of umbilical cord to fetus