Chemical changes DRIP

What is produced when a metal reacts with oxygen?

Metals react with oxygen to produce metal oxides.

Why are reactions called oxidation reactions?

Metals gain oxygen.

What type of ions form when metals react with other substances?

Positive ions.

What is the reactivity of a metal based on?

Its tendency to form positive ions.

How can we order metals?

In order of their reactivity (in a reactivity series)

What non-metal is found on the reactivity series of metals?

Carbon

What is the major rule of the reactivity series?

A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from a compound.

Where do you find unreactive metals?

Un-reactive metals are found in the Earth as the metal itself.

How do we find most metals?

Most metals are found as compounds that require chemical reactions to extract the metal.

How do we extract metals less reactive than carbon?

Metals less reactive than carbon can be extracted from their oxides by reduction with carbon.

What is reduction?

Reduction involves the loss of oxygen.

What is oxidation and reduction in terms of electron movement?

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, Reduction is the gain of electrons.

What is produced when a metal reacts with an acid?

Salts and hydrogen.

How do you neutralise an acid?

Acids are neutralised by alkalis and bases.

What are alkalis?

Soluble metal hydroxides.

What are bases?

Insoluble metal hydroxides and metal oxides.

What is produced when acids and alkalis (or bases) react?

Salts and water.

What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

Salts, water and carbon dioxide.

What does the salt produced depend on when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

• The acid used (hydrochloric = chlorides. nitric = nitrates. sulfuric = sulfates)

• positive ions in the base, alkali or carbonate i.e, sodium, potassium.

How can you make a soluble salt?

By reacting acids with solid insoluble substances, such as metals, metal oxides, hydroxides or carbonates.

Explain the scientific process of making a salt

The solid is added to the acid until no more reacts and the excess solid is filtered off to produce a solution of the salt.

How do you produce solid salts once filtered as a solution?

Salt solutions can be crystallised to produce solid salts.

What ions do acids produce?

Hydrogen (H+) ions in aqueous solutions.

What ions do alkalis produce?

Aqueous solutions of alkalis contain hydroxide ions (OH-)

What is the pH scale?

The pH scale, from 10-14, is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

How can you measure the pH of acid or alkalis?

Using universal indicator or a pH probe.

If a solution has pH 7, what is it?

It is neutral.

What pH’s do acids have?

6 or less.

What pH’s do alkali solutions have?

8 or greater.

What happens during neutralisation?

An acid and an alkali, hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to produce water.

Write the equation that represents the reaction between acid and alkali ions

H+(aq) + OH- (aq) —> H20(l)