ARALING PANLIPUNAN 8 - Unang Markahan (1st Quarter) Key Concepts

A set of QUESTION_AND_ANSWER flashcards covering key topics from geography, ecology, and ancient civilizations described in the notes.

What are the Greek roots of 'geography' and what does geography study?

Geo means 'earth' and graphia means 'description'; geography is the systematic study of the Earth's physical characteristics.

Name examples of 'Anyong Lupa' (landforms) listed in the notes.

Bundok, Bulkan, Lambak, Burol, Kapatagan, Disyerto.

Name examples of 'Anyong Tubig' (bodies of water) listed in the notes.

Dagat, Karagatan, Ilog, Talon, Look (bay), Golpo (gulf), Tsanel (channel), Kipot (strait).

Name some 'Likas na Yaman' (natural resources) mentioned.

Kagubatan (forests), Burol at Bundok (hills and mountains), Patag na lupa (plains), Mineral, Karagatan (sea), Coral reefs, Hangin (wind), Langis (oil).

Ano ang pagkakaiba ng klima at panahon ayon sa notes?

Klima describes weather over a long period; panahon describes weather over a relatively short period.

What do Flora and Fauna refer to?

Flora: all plants in a place; Fauna: all animals in a place or region.

What is meant by 'Interaksyon ng tao at kapaligiran'?

The interaction between humans and their environment and how people adapt to and change it.

Name the three periods of prehistory described in the notes.

Paleolitiko (Old Stone Age); Neolitiko (New Stone Age); Panahon ng Metal (Iron/Bakal Age).

What characterizes the Paleolithic period?

Old Stone Age; early humans; Homo habilis; first to make stone tools.

What characterizes the Neolithic period?

New Stone Age; development of farming; permanent settlements; systematic farming (Agricultural Revolution).

What marks the Iron Age according to the notes?

Iron Age (Panahon ng Bakal) around 1200 BCE; introduction of iron tools.

Name the major Mesopotamian civilizations mentioned.

Sumer, Akkad, Babylon.

What is Hammurabi's Code and its principle?

Babylonian law code; principle of lex talionis—‘an eye for an eye’.

Where did Mesopotamian civilizations develop and which rivers were central?

Between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in Mesopotamia.

What is the Indus Valley Civilization and its key sites?

Indus civilization in South Asia; Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa; irrigation and trade; writing not fully understood.

Where did the Chinese civilization arise and which river is central?

Near the Yellow River (Huang He); Xia dynasty; agriculture-based development.

Name the Chinese dynasties mentioned and one key fact about each.

Sui (589-618 CE): reunified China; Tang (618-907 CE): improved civil service exam; Qing (1644-1911 CE): Opium Wars.

Which ancient African civilization is highlighted and what river supported it?

Ancient Egypt; Nile River; development of hieroglyphics and pyramids.

What is the Great Pyramid of Khufu and where is it located?

A pyramid at Giza in Egypt; tomb for Pharaoh Khufu; part of the pyramid complex.

What writing system did ancient Egypt use?

Hieroglyphics.