group of people who live in a community and share the same culture or live in same territory
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Gender
characteristic of girls, boys, women and men that are socially constructed
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Men
masculine, physically strong, hard working and headof the family
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Women
feminine, emotionally strong, well dressed, sensitive, conservative
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Sex
biological sex or physical sex , the term generally pertains to your identity depending on your sexual anatomy or genitals ( vagina for female; pennies and testicle for male)
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Gender Identity
* Personal sense of one’s own gender * Deeply-held inner feelings of whether you’re female, male or neither * Typically, males are comfortable identifying as a man and females as women. However there are some cases wherein a person’s biological sex does not align with one’s gender identity and this experience are referred to as Transgender ( undergo surgery to align their physical characteristics to their gender identity)
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Sexual Orientation or Sexuality
* Having romantic or sexual attraction to persons of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender * Inccludes lesbian, gay, straight (heterosexual), bisexual and asexual
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Gender Studies
a field of study concerned about how reproductive roles are interpreted and negotiated in the society through gender
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Social Research
the process of investigating social realities
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Research Approach
the orientation in understanding social realities. This can be qualitative ( interpretive), quantitative ( deductive), or both
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Ethics in research
considerations in conducting a research to make sure the participants are ensured and doesn’t bring harm to people involved
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Gender role or Sex role
sets of culturally defined behaviors such as masculinity and feminity
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Divine Feminine
Higher regards for women, women were equally treated with men
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Intersexual
known as (hermaphroditism) has two genitals of mamle and female
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Transgender
Undergoes surgery to align their physical characteristics to their gender identity
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Egalitarian
Men and Women have equitable power and roles
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Greek
Aristotle and Plato viewed women as the inferior sex and only a property of men
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Egypt
Women has high status the concept of divine feminine. __**Herodotus**__, observed Egyptian women enjoyed their social status than Greek women
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China
__**Confucius**__ has written rules that dictate how women should conduct themselves andwomen should obey their father, and when married she should obey her husband.
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Written Documents: (China)
> “Three obedience’s and four virtues” > > “ Precepts of women”
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Patriarchy
Greek word “Patriarkhes” means the rule of the father. Hold power in the political and the private spheres.
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Patrilineal Society
follows patriarchal society, only men can inherit property and the family name
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Friedrich Engles
Argued that patriarchy came when people started having private property
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Gendered Biases
were very strict, heavily enforced, and often violent such as:
* Sexism * Gender pay gap * Underrepresentation in executive position * Rape on women * Women on how they behave * Unrealistic depictions of women in fiction
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Women Empowerment
 feminist movement, promoting women's sense of self-worth
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Feminism
the advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes
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Simone de Beauvoir
wrote a book titled “the Second Sex” in 1949
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**Le Mouvement de Liberation des Femmes** or **The Women’s Liberation Movement**
formed in Europe and they sought their rights. Later, they also won women’s right to decide on their own bodies and sexualities
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Silent points that Feminism demands equality:
* Women suffrage * Equality in politics and society * Reproductive rights * Domestic violence * Sexual harassment and sexual violence * Right to divorce their husband, decisions on her pregnancy, equal employment, equitable wages