SOCIAL SCENCE

Notes

Society

group of people who live in a community and share the same culture or live in same territory

Gender

characteristic of girls, boys, women and men that are socially constructed

Men

masculine, physically strong, hard working and headof the family

Women

feminine, emotionally strong, well dressed, sensitive, conservative

Sex

biological sex or physical sex , the term generally pertains to your identity depending on your sexual anatomy or genitals ( vagina for female; pennies and testicle for male)

Gender Identity

• Personal sense of one’s own gender

• Deeply-held inner feelings of whether you’re female, male or neither

• Typically, males are comfortable identifying as a man and females as women. However there are some cases wherein a person’s biological sex does not align with one’s gender identity and this experience are referred to as Transgender ( undergo surgery to align their physical characteristics to their gender identity)

Sexual Orientation or Sexuality

• Having romantic or sexual attraction to persons of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender

• Inccludes lesbian, gay, straight (heterosexual), bisexual and asexual

Gender Studies

a field of study concerned about how reproductive roles are interpreted and negotiated in the society through gender

Social Research

the process of investigating social realities

Research Approach

the orientation in understanding social realities. This can be qualitative ( interpretive), quantitative ( deductive), or both

Ethics in research

considerations in conducting a research to make sure the participants are ensured and doesn’t bring harm to people involved

Gender role or Sex role

sets of culturally defined behaviors such as masculinity and feminity

Divine Feminine

Higher regards for women, women were equally treated with men

Intersexual

known as (hermaphroditism) has two genitals of mamle and female

Transgender

Undergoes surgery to align their physical characteristics to their gender identity

Egalitarian

Men and Women have equitable power and roles

Greek

Aristotle and Plato viewed women as the inferior sex and only a property of men

Egypt

Women has high status the concept of divine feminine. __**Herodotus**__, observed Egyptian women enjoyed their social status than Greek women

China

__**Confucius**__ has written rules that dictate how women should conduct themselves andwomen should obey their father, and when married she should obey her husband.

Written Documents: (China)

> “Three obedience’s and four virtues”
>
> “ Precepts of women”

Patriarchy

Greek word “Patriarkhes” means the rule of the father. Hold power in the political and the private spheres.

Patrilineal Society

follows patriarchal society, only men can inherit property and the family name

Friedrich Engles

Argued that patriarchy came when people started having private property

Gendered Biases

were very strict, heavily enforced, and often violent such as:

• Sexism

• Gender pay gap

• Underrepresentation in executive position

• Rape on women

• Women on how they behave

• Unrealistic depictions of women in fiction

Women Empowerment

 feminist movement, promoting women's sense of self-worth

Feminism

the advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes

Simone de Beauvoir

wrote a book titled “the Second Sex” in 1949

**Le Mouvement de Liberation des Femmes** or **The Women’s Liberation Movement**

formed in Europe and they sought their rights. Later, they also won women’s right to decide on their own bodies and sexualities

Silent points that Feminism demands equality:

• Women suffrage

• Equality in politics and society

• Reproductive rights

• Domestic violence

• Sexual harassment and sexual violence

• Right to divorce their husband, decisions on her pregnancy, equal employment, equitable wages