Biology - Unit 3: Deuterostomes

Deuterostomes

embryonic development of the anus before the mouth

Phylum Echinodermata, Class Crinoidea

Feather stars, sea lilies

Phylum Echinodermata, Class Asteroidea

Sea stars

Phylum Echinodermata, Class Ophiuroidea

Basket stars, brittle stars

Phylum Echinodermata, Class Echinoidea

Sea urchins, sand dollars

Phylum Echinodermata, Class Holothuroidea

Sea cucumbers

Endoskeleton

Bony and/or cartilaginous structures within the body that provide support

Water vascular system

A system of fluid-filled tubes and chambers that functions as a hydrostatic skeleton

Tube feet

One of the many small, mobile, fluid-filled extensions of the water vascular system

Ampulla

balloon-like part of the tube foot that is inside the body

Podium

tube-like part of the tube foot that is outside of the body

A

Stomach

B

Madreporite

C

Gonads

D

Tube feet

E

Radial canal

F

Ring canal

G

Digestive glands

H

Anus

4 features of Phylum Chordata:

pharyngeal slits or pouches, dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, post anal-tail

Pharyngeal slits or pouches

A set of parallel openings from the throat to the outside that function in feeding and/or gas exchanges.

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

A bundle of nerves running the length of the body

Notochord

A supportive, flexible rod that occurs in the back of a chordate embryom ventral to the developing spinal cord

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Lancelets

Subphylum Urochordata

Sea squirts and salps

Subphylum Vertebrata

Fish and tetrapods

Amniotic egg

An egg that has a watertight shell or case enclosing a membrane-bound water supply, food supply, and waste sac

A

Embryo

B

Yolk sac

C

Allantois/waste sac

D

Placenta

E

Chorion

F

Amnion

Agnathans

“Jawless fish”, lampreys, hagfish

Gnathostomata

Jawed vertebrates

Phylum Chordata, Class Chondrichthyes

“cartilaginous fish”, sharks, rays

Class Osteichthyes

“bony fishes”, ray-finned fishes, coelacanths, lungfish

^{Phylum Chordata, Class Amphibia}

Frogs, toads, salamanders, caecilians

Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia

Platypus, echindnas, marsupials, placental mammals

Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Monotremata

Platypus, echidnas

Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Marsupiala

Marsupials

Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Eutheria

Placental mammals

Amniotes

Lineage of vertebrates that reproduce with amniotic eggs; mammals, birds, reptiles

Phylum Chordata, Class Reptilia

lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles, alligators, birds

Phylum Chordata, Class Reptilia, Lepidosauria

Lizards, snakes

Phylum Chordata, Class Reptilia, Order Testudinia

Turtles

Phylum Chordata, Class Reptilia, Order Crocodilia

Crocodiles, alligators

Phylum Chordata, Class Reptilia, Aves

Birds

Oviparous

depositing fertilized eggs outside the body, where they develop and hatch

Ovoviviparous

producing eggs that are retained inside the body (nourished by yolk) until they are ready to hatch and released via live birth

Viviparous

producing live young (instead of eggs) that develop within and are nourished by the body of the female parent, typically via a placenta, before birth

Neoteny

the retention of juvenile features in the adult animal

Hemimetabolous

(of an insect) having no pupal stage in the transition from larva to adult

Homometabolous

complete metamorphosis

Homeothermy

relatively uniform body temperature maintained nearly independent of the environmental temperature

Poikilothermy

variable body temperature that is usually only slightly higher than the environmental temperature

Endotherm

An animal that gains most of its body heat from internal metabolic processes

Ectotherm

An animal that gains most of its body heat from external sources as opposed to metabolic processes

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera

“sheath-winged”, beetles

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera

“scale-winged”, butterflies, moths

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta, Order Diptera

“two-winged”, flies, mosquitoes, gnats, midges

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta, Order Hymenoptera

“membrane-winged”, ants, bees, wasps

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera

“half-winged”, bugs

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta, Order Orthoptera

“straight-winged”, grasshoppers, crickets

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta, Order Odonata

“toothed”, dragonflies, damselflies

Lateral Line

A pressure-sensitive sensory organ found in many aquatic vertebrates

Ampullae of Lorenzini

Structures on the heads of sharks that contain electroreceptors