Exam 4 Medical Terminology

Female and Male Reproductive System

glomerul/o

glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)

nephr/o, ren/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ur/o, urin/o

urine

lith/o

stone

cyst/o, vesic/o

bladder

urethr/o

urethra

ureter/o

ureter

balan/o

penis

epididym/o

epididymis

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o

testicle

prostat/o

prostate

sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i

sperm

anuria

lack of urination

cystalgia

pain in the bladder

cystodynia

pain in the bladder

dysuria

painful urination

enuresis

involuntary urination

hematuria

bloody urination

incontinence

inability to control urination

oliguria

low urine output

polydipsia

excessive thirst

polyuria

excessive urination

pyuria

pus in the urine

urethrodynia

pain in the urethra

urethrorrhea

discharge from the urethra

urodynia

painful urination

balanorrhea

discharge from the penis

orchialgia

testicle pain

orchichorea

involuntary jerking movement of the testicles

orchidoptosis

downward displacement of a testicle

orchiodynia

testicle pain

priapism

persistent and painful erection

albuminuria

protein in the urine

azoturia

excess nitrogen in the urine

cystorrhexis

rupture of the bladder

dipsogenic

creating thirst

glycosuria

sugar in the urine

nephroptosis

downward displacement of a kidney

nephrosis

kidney condition

uremia

urine in the blood

cystoscopy

process for examining the bladder

nephroscopy

procedure for examining a kidney

urethroscopy

process of examining the urethra

urinalysis (UA)

analysis of the urine

nephrosonography

procedure for imaging a kidney using sound waves

pyelogram

image of the renal pelvis

renal angiography

process of imaging a kidney blood vessel

renal arteriogram

image of a kidney artery

retrograde pyelogram

image of the renal pelvis produced by injecting a contrast dye from the bladder to the kidney

ultrasonography

imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves

voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

imaging procedure of the bladder and urethra produced during urination

transrectal ultrasonography

procedure using a probe inserted into the rectum using high frequency sound waves to scan through the rectum to nearby tissue

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

nitrogren in the blood in the form of urea; it is the product of the breakdown of amino acids for energy

diuresis

excessive urination

nephrologist

specialist in the kidneys

nerphrology

study of the kidneys

urologist

specialist in the urinary tract

urology

study of the urinary tract

anorchidism

lack of a testicle

aspermia

condition caused by lack of sperm

cryptorchidism

hidden testicle

hydrocele

fluid-filled mass in a testicle

hypospadias

birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, instead of the end, of the penis

phimosis

contraction of the foreskin of the penis, preventing it from being retracted

prostatomegaly

abnormal enlargement of the prostate

digital rectal exam (DRE)

examination of the prostate using a finger inserted into the rectum

gonads

pair of organs used for sexual reproduction; in males they are testicles, and in females they are the ovaries

spermatogenesis

creation of sperm

cystocele

hernia of the bladder

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli

hydronephrosis

kidney condition caused by the obstruction of urine flow

nephritis

inflammation of the kidney

nephrolithiasis

presence of stones in the kidney

nephromalacia

abnormal softening of a kidney

nephromegaly

abnormal enlargement of a kidney

nephropathy

any kidney disease

nephroptosis

downward displacement of a kidney

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

disease characterized by the formation of many fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

pyelitis

inflammation of the renal pelvis

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

pyelopathy

disease of the renal pelvis

renal failure

kidney failure

stress urinary incontinence (SUI)

loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure

ureteritis

inflammation of a ureter

ureteropyelonephritis

inflammation of a kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter

urethritis

inflammation of the urethra

urethrocystitis

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

urinary tract infection (UTI)

infection of the urinary tract

renal cell carcinoma

cancer of the kidneys

testicular carcinoma

testicular cancer

balanitis

inflammation of the penis

benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)

noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate, also known as enlarged prostate

orchiditis

inflammation of the testicles

orchitis

inflammation of the testicles

prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate

testitis

inflammation of a testicle

varicocele

overexpansion of the blood vessels of the testicles, leading to a soft tumor

gonorrhea

discharge from the gonads

cystectomy

surgical removal of the bladder