President

powers ,functions of president

Electoral College

A body comprising elected members of both Houses of Parliament and Legislative Assemblies of States that elects the President of India.

Proportional Representation

A voting system using a single transferable vote to ensure equitable representation among diverse states in the presidential election.

Article 54

The constitutional provision that outlines the composition of the electoral college for the election of the President of India.

Election Commission of India

The authority responsible for overseeing the presidential election process to ensure fairness and transparency.

Eligibility Criteria

Requirements for presidential candidates, including Indian citizenship, age of at least 35, and no office of profit under the government, as per Article 58.

Term of Office

The President serves a five-year term starting from the date of assuming office, as outlined in Article 56.

Impeachment

A process by which the President can be removed for violation of the Constitution, initiated by either House of Parliament as per Article 61.

Executive Powers

Powers vested in the President to execute laws and manage the administration, as outlined in Article 53.

Legislative Powers

The authority of the President to summon and prorogue Parliament sessions, address Parliament, and give assent to bills.

Emergency Powers

Special powers the President can exercise during national or state emergencies, including the ability to legislate by ordinance.

National Emergency

A situation declared by the President under Article 352 due to threats like war or rebellion, requiring parliamentary approval.

State Emergency

Imposed under Article 356 when a state's constitutional machinery fails, requiring parliamentary approval within two months.

Financial Emergency

Declared under Article 360 if the financial stability of India is threatened, requiring parliamentary approval.

Veto Power

The President's authority to approve, reject, or return bills presented by Parliament, including absolute, suspensive, and pocket vetoes.

Ordinance-Making Power

The President's ability to promulgate temporary laws during Parliament recess, as per Article 123, with conditions for justification and approval.