Medical Terminology Week2

Doctor of Medicine (MD)

Oversees all aspects of patient care

Doctor of Osteopathy (DO)

Practices medicine that emphasizes the role of the musculoskeletal system in health

Physician Assistant (PA)

Performs many of the tasks of a doctor in conjunction with a physician

Certified Medical Assistant (CMA)

Duties include record keeping, billing, preparing insurance forms, taking patients’ vital signs, and stocking exam rooms.

major body structural levels

cell > tissue > organ > system > body

abdomin/o

abdomen

adip/o

fat

anter/o

front

brachi/o

arm

cardi/o

heart

caud/o

tail

cephal/o

head

cervic/o

neck, cervix

chondr/o

cartilage

chrom/o

color

crani/o

skull

crin/o

to secrete

crur/o

leg

cyt/o

cell

dist/o

away from

dermat/o

skin

dors/o

back

enter/o

small intestine

epitheli/o

epithelium

eti/o

cause

gastr/o

stomach

glute/o

buttock

gynec/o

female

hemat/o

blood

hist/o

tissue

immun/o

protection

infer/o

below

inguin/o

groin

laryng/o

larynx

later/o

side

lumb/lo

loin (low back)

lymph/o

lymph

medi/o

middle

muscul/o

muscle

nephr/o

kidney

neur/o

nerve

nucle/o

nucleus

ophthalm/o

eye

orth/o

straight

ot/o

ear

ox/i

oxygen

pariet/o

cavity wall

path/o

disease

ped/o

child, foot

pelv/o

pelvis

peritone/o

peritoneum

pleur/o

pleura

poster/o

back

proct/o

rectum and anus

proxim/o

near to

pub/o

genital region, pubis

proxim/o

near to

pulmon/o

lung

rhin/o

nose

somat/o

body

spin/o

spine

super/o

above

thorac/o

chest

ur/o

urine

urin/o

urine

vascul/o

blood vessel

ventr/o

vertebra

viscer/o

internal organ

cytology

study of cells and their functions

cytoplasm

watery internal environment of cell

cell membrane

outermost boundary of a cell

chromosomes

genetic material of a cell

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

ladder-like chains that make up chromosomes

genes

subdivisions of DNA

mutation

when pattern of DNA is damaged

somatic cells

vast majority of cells in body

gametes

sex cells/reproductive cells

ova

female reproductive cells

sperm

male reproductive cells

stem cells

a cell type able to differentiate into different kinds

histology

study of tissues

muscular, connective, epithelial, connective

types of tissue

cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle

muscular tissue

epithelium

epithelial tissue

muscle fibers

individual muscle cells

bone

provides structural support for whole body

cartilage

shock absorber in joints

tendons

tightly connect skeletal muscles to bone

adipose

provides protective padding around body structures

neurons

cells that make up nervous tissue

brain, spinal cord, nerves

made up of nervous tissue

integumentary system

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, subcutaneous glands

musculoskeletal system

bones, joints, muscles

cardiovascular system

heart, arteries, veins

blood (hematic system)

plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

lymphatic system

lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils

respiratory system

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

digestive/gastrointestinal system

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands

urinary system

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

female reproductive system

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, breasts